Publication: Su Isıtmada Kullanılabilecek Yeni Tip Düz Yüzeyli Güneş Kollektörlerinin Tasarımı, Yapımı ve Denenmeleri
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
Türkiye'de düz yüzeyli günes kollektörleri su ısıtmada yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu sistemler, Türkiye'nin Dünya üzerindeki konumu nedeniyle diğer enerji kaynaklarıyla kıyaslandığında oldukça karlıdır. Örneğin yapılmıs bir çalısmada, düz yüzeyli günes kollektörlerinin fındık kabuğu, odun, kömür, doğal gaz, petrol, LPG ve elektriğe göre yaklasık 1.5, 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ve 12.0 kat daha karlı oldukları belirlenmistir. Ancak, mevcut sistemlerde kullanılan alüminyum ve bakır malzeme asırı ısınmadan dolayı korozyona uğramakta ve kullanım suyuna karısmaktadır. Bu durum, sıcak suyun renk, koku, tat ve kimyasal yapısını bozmaktadır. Bunu engellemek için daha çok kapalı sistem günes kollektörleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu kollektörlerde, bakır ya da alüminyum borularda ısınan antifrizli (glikol) su (genellikle %60 su ve %40 antifriz), ısısını, basit yapılı esanjörler içerisinde bulunan kullanım suyuna aktarmaktadır. Fakat, ısının transferi sırasında önemli kayıpların olusması nedeniyle esanjörlerin verimleri oldukça düsmektedir. Bu nedenle bu uygulamalı arastırmada; krom 304 paslanmaz çelik malzemeden imal edilmis, sıcak suya hiçbir olumsuz etkisi olmadan, kentin su sebekesine direk basınçlı olarak bağlanabilen, ortalama kullanım ömrü daha uzun ve verimi mevcut kollektörlerden daha yüksek olan, imalatı ve montajı kolay, bakım gerektirmeyen ve maliyeti de daha düsük olan ?borulu ve kuru tip?, ?borulu ve ıslak tip? ve ?kendinden depolu? kollektör olmak üzere üç farklı yeni tip düz yüzeyli günes kollektörü tasarlanmıs, üretilmis ve EN (Avrupa Birliği Normları) 12975-2 ile TS (Türk Standartları) 3680-2 (Nisan, 2003)'ye göre test edilerek ısısal verimleri belirlenmistir. Sonuçta; borulu ve kuru tip kollektörün ısısal veriminin %22.60, borulu ve ıslak tip kollektörün veriminin %42.57 ve kendinden depolu kollektörün veriminin ise %33.47 olduğu belirlenmistir. En yüksek verim değerine sahip borulu ve ıslak tip kollektörün veriminin yaygın kullanılan esanjörlerin veriminden %140 ve kollektör ve esanjörden olusan sistemin toplam veriminden de %200 daha fazla olduğu ortaya konulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Günes enerjisi, düz yüzeyli günes kollektörü, Günesli su ısıtıcı, ısısal verim, doğal dolasımlı sistem, basınçlı dolasımlı sistem
Flat plate solar collectors are widely used for heating water in Turkey. These systems provide a pretty big profit due to the position of Turkey in the World when compared with other energy resources. For instance , it was determined from a study made in Turkey that flat plate solar collectors are approximately 1.5, 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 12.0 times more economic than hazelnut shell, wood, coal, natural gas, oil, LPG, and electricity, respectively. However, aluminum and copper materials used for current collectors are exposed to more corrosion because of the extreme heat and mix to used water. This situation gives damage to the color, taste, odor and chemical construction of the water. In order to eliminate this, natural circulation closed thermosyphon system are generally preferred. Besides, in these collectors, the mixture of water and antifreeze (glikol) (60% water and 40% glikol) heated in the cooper or aluminum pipes transfers heat to used water in the simple structured type heat exchanger, but because of the big losses during heat transfer, thermal efficiency of the exchangers importantly lowers. So, in this experimental investigation; three types of flat plate solar collectors such as ?with pipe and dry?, ?with pipe and wet? and ?with tank itself? manufactured from stainless steel (chromium 304) were designed, constructed and tested for their thermal efficiency according to EN ( European Union Norms) 12975-2 and TS ( Turkish standards) 3680-2 (April, 2003). These collectors have no negative effects on chemical specifications of water and have less price, more lifetime, easier assembling and manufacturing when compared with current flat plate collectors. These collectors also can be directly connected to the city water line system. As a result, the thermal efficiency of ?with pipe and dry?, ?with pipe and wet? and ?with tank itself? collectors were defined as 22.60%, 42.57% and 33.47%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that ?with pipe and wet? collector having the highest efficiency is 140% higher than widely used heat exchanger and 200% higher than total efficiency of the solar collector system consisting of collector array and heat exchanger. Key Words : Solar energy, flat plate solar collector, solar water heater, thermal efficiency, natural circulation system, forced circulation system.
Flat plate solar collectors are widely used for heating water in Turkey. These systems provide a pretty big profit due to the position of Turkey in the World when compared with other energy resources. For instance , it was determined from a study made in Turkey that flat plate solar collectors are approximately 1.5, 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 12.0 times more economic than hazelnut shell, wood, coal, natural gas, oil, LPG, and electricity, respectively. However, aluminum and copper materials used for current collectors are exposed to more corrosion because of the extreme heat and mix to used water. This situation gives damage to the color, taste, odor and chemical construction of the water. In order to eliminate this, natural circulation closed thermosyphon system are generally preferred. Besides, in these collectors, the mixture of water and antifreeze (glikol) (60% water and 40% glikol) heated in the cooper or aluminum pipes transfers heat to used water in the simple structured type heat exchanger, but because of the big losses during heat transfer, thermal efficiency of the exchangers importantly lowers. So, in this experimental investigation; three types of flat plate solar collectors such as ?with pipe and dry?, ?with pipe and wet? and ?with tank itself? manufactured from stainless steel (chromium 304) were designed, constructed and tested for their thermal efficiency according to EN ( European Union Norms) 12975-2 and TS ( Turkish standards) 3680-2 (April, 2003). These collectors have no negative effects on chemical specifications of water and have less price, more lifetime, easier assembling and manufacturing when compared with current flat plate collectors. These collectors also can be directly connected to the city water line system. As a result, the thermal efficiency of ?with pipe and dry?, ?with pipe and wet? and ?with tank itself? collectors were defined as 22.60%, 42.57% and 33.47%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that ?with pipe and wet? collector having the highest efficiency is 140% higher than widely used heat exchanger and 200% higher than total efficiency of the solar collector system consisting of collector array and heat exchanger. Key Words : Solar energy, flat plate solar collector, solar water heater, thermal efficiency, natural circulation system, forced circulation system.
Description
Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2007
Libra Kayıt No: 14635
Libra Kayıt No: 14635
Keywords
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
56
