Publication: Bazı Sülfamitlerin Sentezinde Mikrodalga Kullanımı
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Çalısmamızda klasik yöntemlerle uzun sürede ve düsük verimle sentezlenen halkalı ve açık yapılı bir seri sübstitüe sülfamit türevi, farklı mikrodalga sentez yöntemleri kullanılarak sentez edilmistir. Bu amaçla ev tipi bir mikrodalga fırına reaksiyonun ilerleyisini izlemek için kamera takılmıs ve bir geri soğutucu sistem eklenerek modifiye edilmistir. Sülfamitlerin reaksiyon süreleri ve verimleri göz önüne alınarak klasik ve mikrodalga ısıtma karsılastırması yapılmıstır. Klasik ısıtmayla % 6 verimlerle sentezlenen 4-Kloro 1H,3H-2,1,3- benzotiyadiazolin-2,2-dioksit (III), mikrodalga ısıtmayla 7 kat daha hızla % 74 verimle sentezlenmistir. Altı üyeli halkalı alifatik bir sülfamit olan 3,4,5,6-Tetrahidro-2H-1,2,6- tiyadiazin-1,1-dioksit (V) klasik olarak % 23 verimle 20 saatte sentezlenirken, mikrodalgada aynı verime yaklasık 500 kat daha kısa sürede ulasılmıstır. ?mino yan grubuna sahip bir seri halkalı sülfamit de sentezlenmistir. Bu bilesiklerden 3-imino-4- fenil-1,2,5-tiyadiazolidin-1,1-dioksit (XII) klasik sentez süresine göre 720 katlık kısalma ile % 100 verimle elde edilmistir. Sülfamit ve benzil reaksiyonu ile elde edilen 3,4-Difenil-1,2,5-Tiyadiazol-1,1-dioksit (XIII) 144 kat daha hızla ve % 66 verimle elde edilmistir. Simetrik yapıdaki alkil ve aril sülfamitlerde (XIV-XX) ise reaksiyon hızı 60- 80 katlık hız artısına karsılık % 80-97 aralığında da verimlere çıkarılmıstır. Verimde ve hızda elde edilen bu çarpıcı artısların iki temel sebebi olduğu düsünülmektedir. ?lki mikrodalgaların hızlı ısıtması ve çözücülerin gecikmis kaynama noktalarıyla ortaya çıkan termal etkilerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Diğeri ise özellikle polar geçis durumlarındaki ve sterik ya da elektronik sebeplerle, yüksek enerjili geçis durumuna sahip reaksiyonlarda gözlenen, mikrodalgaların seçici ve etkin absorpsiyonuna dayanmaktadır. Bu çalısmada sülfamit türevlerinin sentezinde kullanılan mikrodalga ısıtmanın, klasik ısıtmadan farklı bir etkiye sahip, hızlı ve yüksek verimli sentez imkanı sağlayan bir yöntem olduğu görülmüstür. Anahtar kelimeler: Mikrodalga, Sentez, Mikrodalga etki, Sülfamit, Tiyadiazolin.
In this study, we synthesized a series of cyclic and open chain sulfamide derivatives in microwave under different reaction conditions, which normally takes long reaction times and low yields with classical heating methods. Therefore a domestic microwave oven was modified by fitting a reflux system and an internal camera in order to observe reaction development in the microwave. Comparison of classical heating and microwave heating were made considering the reaction times and yields of the sulfamides. Under classical conditions, 4-Chloro 1H,3H-2,1,3-benzotiyadiazolin-2,2-dioxide (III) obtained with 6 % yield where as under microwave conditions, reaction was proceeded 7 times faster and reaction yield increased to 74 %. Six membered cyclic aliphatic sulfamide (V), under conventional method was obtained with 23 % yield in 20 hours. The reaction, in microwave reached the same yield in 500 times shorter than normal time. In this study also a series of cyclic sulfamides with imino moiety were synthesized. Under microwave conditions, 3-?mino-4-phenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (XII) was obtained with 720 times shorter than the classical method time which the reaction completed in 15 seconds and 100 % yield was obtained. 3,4-Diphenyl-1,2,5-Thiadiazol-1,1- dioxide (XIII) was obtained in the reaction which is 144 times shorter than the classical method and 66 % yield was obtained. Reaction times of symmetrical alkyl and aryl sulfamides (XIV-XX) decreased 60-80 times and yields were improved 80-97 % in microwave. We assume that dramatic improvements in yields and reaction times were based on two distinct effects. Firstly, thermal effect which is due to nucleus limited boiling points of the solvents and faster heating rates of microwave. Secondly, selective and effective absorption of microwave irradiation in reactions where high energy transition state is exist due to steric and electronic effects and polar transition state. In this study, microwave heating in the synthesis of sulfamide derivatives were found to be different effect on the reactions and provides faster and better yields than those of obtained by conventional heating. Keywords: Microwave, Synthesis, Microwave effect, Sulfamide, Thiadiazolidine.
In this study, we synthesized a series of cyclic and open chain sulfamide derivatives in microwave under different reaction conditions, which normally takes long reaction times and low yields with classical heating methods. Therefore a domestic microwave oven was modified by fitting a reflux system and an internal camera in order to observe reaction development in the microwave. Comparison of classical heating and microwave heating were made considering the reaction times and yields of the sulfamides. Under classical conditions, 4-Chloro 1H,3H-2,1,3-benzotiyadiazolin-2,2-dioxide (III) obtained with 6 % yield where as under microwave conditions, reaction was proceeded 7 times faster and reaction yield increased to 74 %. Six membered cyclic aliphatic sulfamide (V), under conventional method was obtained with 23 % yield in 20 hours. The reaction, in microwave reached the same yield in 500 times shorter than normal time. In this study also a series of cyclic sulfamides with imino moiety were synthesized. Under microwave conditions, 3-?mino-4-phenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxide (XII) was obtained with 720 times shorter than the classical method time which the reaction completed in 15 seconds and 100 % yield was obtained. 3,4-Diphenyl-1,2,5-Thiadiazol-1,1- dioxide (XIII) was obtained in the reaction which is 144 times shorter than the classical method and 66 % yield was obtained. Reaction times of symmetrical alkyl and aryl sulfamides (XIV-XX) decreased 60-80 times and yields were improved 80-97 % in microwave. We assume that dramatic improvements in yields and reaction times were based on two distinct effects. Firstly, thermal effect which is due to nucleus limited boiling points of the solvents and faster heating rates of microwave. Secondly, selective and effective absorption of microwave irradiation in reactions where high energy transition state is exist due to steric and electronic effects and polar transition state. In this study, microwave heating in the synthesis of sulfamide derivatives were found to be different effect on the reactions and provides faster and better yields than those of obtained by conventional heating. Keywords: Microwave, Synthesis, Microwave effect, Sulfamide, Thiadiazolidine.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2007
Libra Kayıt No: 12658
Libra Kayıt No: 12658
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