Publication: Devletler Hukuku İle İlgili Hadislerin İslam Hukukuna Yansıması (Hanefî Literatürü Özelinde)
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Müslümanlar, Allah Rasûlü zamanından başlayarak bugüne kadar gayri müslimlerle ilişki içerisinde olmuştur. Bu ilişkiler devletler hukuku tarafından incelenmiş ve kaydedilmiştir. Devletler hukuku, İslam uleması tarafından çeşitli fıkıh kitaplarında 'Siyer' veya 'Cihâd' başlığı altında ele alınmış, bu başlıkta Müslümanların gayri müslimlerle olan ilişkileri Kur'ân ve Sünnet ışığında delillendirilmiştir. Günümüzde Müslümanların gayri müslimlerle olan ilişkileri genellikle savaş üzerinden ön plana çıkarılmış, diğer ilişkileri ise göz ardı edilmiştir. Tezimizde, Allah Rasûlü'nün, devletler hukuku bağlamında gayri müslimlere yönelik hadisleri incelenecek, bu hadislerin tahrîci, sıhhat derecesi ve ricâl tenkidi yapılacaktır. Bu hadisler Hanefî fıkhında ön plana çıkmış olan, imam Meydânî'ye ait 'el-Lübâb fî Şerhi'l Kitâb' adlı eserin 'Siyer' bölümünde bulunmaktadır. Tezimizde ilgili hadislere binaen Allah Rasûlü'nün, gayri müslimlerle kurduğu ilişkiler tüm yönleriyle ele alınacak, bu ilişkiler hakkında Hanefî fukahâsı özelinde İslam ulemasının görüşlerine yer verilecektir. İslam ulemasının görüşleri çeşitli hadis şerhleri üzerinden, Hanefî fukahâsının görüşleri de ilk dönemden modern döneme kadar çeşitli Hanefî fukahâsı üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Tezimizde 'el-Lübâb fî Şerhi'l Kitâb' eserinin seçilme nedeni ise el-Lübâb'ın hem Hanefî mezhebinde muteber temel metinlerden biri olan Kudûrî'nin el-Muhtasarı'nın şerhi olması hem de telif edildiği dönemden günümüze kadar Hanefî literatüründe işgal ettiği konumdur. Tezimizin amacı, Müslümanların gayri müslimlerle olan ilişkilerinin sadece savaşa dayanmadığını gösterebilmek, aksine İslam dininin geçmişten bugüne kadar yeryüzünde adaleti, iyiliği ve beraber yaşamayı nasıl başardığını ortaya koyabilmektir. Tezin bu amacı, sahâbî, tâbiîn, İslam uleması ve Hanefî fukahâsının görüşleri çerçevesinde ispatlanmaya çalışılacaktır. Tezimizde, İslam dininin amacının keyfi bir cihan hâkimiyeti uğruna gayri müslimlere savaş açmak olmadığı, Müslümanların gayri müslimlerle olan ilişkilerinin Kur'ân ve Sünnet'e tâbi olarak belirli kriterler çerçevesinde olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Muslims have been in a relationship with non-Muslims since the time of the Messenger of Allah until today. These relations have been studied and recorded by the law of the states. The law of states has been discussed by the Islamic scholars in various fiqh books under the heading of 'Siyar' or 'Jihad', in which the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims have been proven in the light of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Nowadays, the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are generally brought to the forefront through the war, while other relations are ignored. Dec. In our thesis, the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah aimed at non-Muslims in the context of state law will be examined, the degree of provocation, health and criticism of these hadiths will be made. These hadiths are found in the 'Siyar' section of the work 'al-Lübab fi Serhi'l Kitâb' by Imam Meydani, which has come to the fore in Hanafi fiqh. In our thesis, based on the relevant hadiths, the relations established by the Messenger of Allah with non-Muslims will be discussed in all aspects, and the views of the Islamic ulama about these relations will be included in the Hanafi fuqa. The views of the Islamic ulama will be tried to be shown through various hadith commentaries, and the views of the Hanafi fuqah will be shown through various Hanafi fuqahs from the first period to the modern period. The reason for choosing the work 'al-Lübab fi Serhi'l Kitâb' in our thesis is that al-Lübab is both the commentary of al-Kuduri, one of the valid basic texts in the Hanafi sect, and the position it occupies in the Hanafi literature from the period when it was published to the present day. The aim of our thesis is to show that the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are not based only on war, but on the contrary, to reveal how the Islamic religion has managed to achieve justice, goodness and coexistence on earth from the past to the present. This aim of the thesis will be tried to be proved within the framework of the views of the companions, tabiin, the Islamic ulama and the Hanafi fuqaha. In our thesis, it will be tried to show that the purpose of the Islamic religion is not to wage war on non-Muslims for the sake of arbitrary world domination, but that the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are within the framework of certain criteria, subject to the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Muslims have been in a relationship with non-Muslims since the time of the Messenger of Allah until today. These relations have been studied and recorded by the law of the states. The law of states has been discussed by the Islamic scholars in various fiqh books under the heading of 'Siyar' or 'Jihad', in which the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims have been proven in the light of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Nowadays, the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are generally brought to the forefront through the war, while other relations are ignored. Dec. In our thesis, the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah aimed at non-Muslims in the context of state law will be examined, the degree of provocation, health and criticism of these hadiths will be made. These hadiths are found in the 'Siyar' section of the work 'al-Lübab fi Serhi'l Kitâb' by Imam Meydani, which has come to the fore in Hanafi fiqh. In our thesis, based on the relevant hadiths, the relations established by the Messenger of Allah with non-Muslims will be discussed in all aspects, and the views of the Islamic ulama about these relations will be included in the Hanafi fuqa. The views of the Islamic ulama will be tried to be shown through various hadith commentaries, and the views of the Hanafi fuqah will be shown through various Hanafi fuqahs from the first period to the modern period. The reason for choosing the work 'al-Lübab fi Serhi'l Kitâb' in our thesis is that al-Lübab is both the commentary of al-Kuduri, one of the valid basic texts in the Hanafi sect, and the position it occupies in the Hanafi literature from the period when it was published to the present day. The aim of our thesis is to show that the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are not based only on war, but on the contrary, to reveal how the Islamic religion has managed to achieve justice, goodness and coexistence on earth from the past to the present. This aim of the thesis will be tried to be proved within the framework of the views of the companions, tabiin, the Islamic ulama and the Hanafi fuqaha. In our thesis, it will be tried to show that the purpose of the Islamic religion is not to wage war on non-Muslims for the sake of arbitrary world domination, but that the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims are within the framework of certain criteria, subject to the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
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Keywords
Din, Cizye, Eman, Religion, Cizye, Ganimet, Aman, Hadis, Spoils, Hadith, Hanefiler, Hanifies, Savaş, War, Uluslararası Hukuk, International Law, İslam Hukuku, Islamic Law
Citation
Yılmaz, M.M. (2022). Devletler hukuku ile ilgili hadislerin islam hukukuna yansıması (Hanefi literatürü özelinde). (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun.
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