Kampanya Süresince Melasın Bileşimi ve Kullanıma Uygunluğu

Abstract

7. SUMMARY This study was made in order to determine possible changes, that may occur on composition of molasses during cam paigning period and suitability of samples for production. Ac cording to Taygun ( 1 974 ), molas was defined as the syrup re maining over after the crystal at the possible high level was taken from the syrups under the technical and economic condi tions of sugar production. Composition of molasses consists of about 50 '/. sugar, 35 V. non-sugar matters and 15 V. water and this composition is affective on the use at molasses. While our annual product i oo of sugar is 84 1.331 tons durry the 1987/90 campaign the production of Amasya Sugar Factory, which we provide materials for our project is 30.027 within in the same year. The results of analysis made on IE samples taken from the molasses during tire campaign, which started on 14th August, 1989 and ended on 22th January, 1990 in Amasya Sugar Factory cav\ be summarised as follows: Value of dry material weip changed between 79.63-87.65 V, and amount of water was found 12.35-50.37 'A. According to these values, samples of molasses were in agreement with the values given in literature for dry material anci water content. pll of molasses during campaign showed differences within 5.84-7.70 and as a result of this only one of the samples was found in alkalic character with a value 1, the remaining sam ples were acidic with the values between 0.05-2.9. Since being in alkalic character is desirable, molasses with above spe ciality arB not completely convenient for b i otechno log ical produc t ion.- 39 Seker analizleri sonucunda; % 1.06-2.4 invert şeker, % 46. 54- 54. 72 toplam şeker, % 44.56~53.50 arsında indirgen olmayan şeker saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre toplam şekerin, bir Örnek hariç ticari şartlara uyduğu invert şeker miktarının yüksek olduğu ve bunun indirgen olmayan şeker miktarını da düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Azot değerleri % t. 75 -2.32 arasında bulunmuş ve bu miktarlar Kovats ve Niestrawski ( 1973 ) ' ye göre sitrik asit fermantasyonu için yeterli bulunurken alkol fermantasyonu, aseton-butanol fermantasyonu ve ekmek mayası üretimi için yeter siz olduğu ve azot ilavesi gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Melas Örneklerinde 0.75-6.10 mg/kg arasında nitrat saptanmıştır. Nitrat miktarları kaynak verilerine uygun bulunmuştur. Nitrit miktarları 0.41-9.75 mg/kg arasında olup, fermantasyon için zararlı sınırın altında, fakat mayanın ortama alışmasını engellediğinden ve enfeksiyon belirtisi sayıldığın dan Önemli bulunmuştur. Melas örneklerinde % 0.08-0.14 arasında S0,s saptanmıştır. Kükürtleme yapılmasının işletme şartları bakımından gerekli olduğu düşünülse de bu miktarlar fermantasyon için yüksek bulunmuştur. Demir miktarları 1.54-31.35 mg/kg arasında değişmiş ve giderek azaldığı saptanmıştır. Bu durum beklemeden kaynaklanan korozyonun göstergesi olmuştur. Bulunan değerler kaynak bilgilerde verilen miktarlar arasında olmakla birlikte sitrik asit fermantasyonu için zararlı olabileceğinden bu amaçla kullanılacak melasların demirsizleştirilmesi gerekli olacaktır.mesi gerekli olacaktır. Bu sonuçlara göre çeşitli ürünlerin üretimine uygun özellikte melasa sahip olmak çok Önemlidir. Melası hammadde olarak kullanan isletmeler bakımından bazı hususlara dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Pancarların taşınmasında ve uzun kampanya donemi dikkate alınarak depolanmasında gerekli özen gösterilerek bozuk pancar kullanımından kaynaklanan hataların önüne geçilmelidir. Fabrikada kampanya öncesi bekleme döneminde bakım ve onarım yapılarak alet-ekipman korozyondan korunmalıdır. Böylece demir miktarı azalacak, uzun duraksamalardan kaynaklanan pH düşmesi ve bu zinciri izleyen olaylar önlenecektir. İşletme şartları düzenlenerek kullanılan SO2 miktarı azaltılmalıdır. Sürekli analizler yapılarak özellikle enfeksiyon kontrol altına alınmalı alınan sonuçlara göre gerekli düzenlemelere gidilmelidir. Melasların daha ekonomik olduğu alanlarda değerlendirilmesine dikkat edilmeli ve bu konuda çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

7. SUMMARY This study was made in order to determine possible changes, that may occur on composition of molasses during cam paigning period and suitability of samples for production. Ac cording to Taygun ( 1 974 ), molas was defined as the syrup re maining over after the crystal at the possible high level was taken from the syrups under the technical and economic condi tions of sugar production. Composition of molasses consists of about 50 '/. sugar, 35 V. non-sugar matters and 15 V. water and this composition is affective on the use at molasses. While our annual product i oo of sugar is 84 1.331 tons durry the 1987/90 campaign the production of Amasya Sugar Factory, which we provide materials for our project is 30.027 within in the same year. The results of analysis made on IE samples taken from the molasses during tire campaign, which started on 14th August, 1989 and ended on 22th January, 1990 in Amasya Sugar Factory cav\ be summarised as follows: Value of dry material weip changed between 79.63-87.65 V, and amount of water was found 12.35-50.37 'A. According to these values, samples of molasses were in agreement with the values given in literature for dry material anci water content. pll of molasses during campaign showed differences within 5.84-7.70 and as a result of this only one of the samples was found in alkalic character with a value 1, the remaining sam ples were acidic with the values between 0.05-2.9. Since being in alkalic character is desirable, molasses with above spe ciality arB not completely convenient for b i otechno log ical produc t ion.The amount of ash contents in molasses were in between 10.36-13.38 '/. which were found higher than the amounts given in literature Total sugar was found 46. 84-54. 78 '/?, invert sugar was I.06-P.4 and non-reducing sugar was in between 44.56-53.50 '/, at the and of sugar analiysis. According to these results, except one of the sampler;, total sugars of the others were in agreeable amount with the commercial conditions; invert sugar- was rather high, which caused to lower the amount of non- reduc i ng sugar. Nitrogen values were determined between 1.75-c?.3S % ; which were satisfactory for citric acid fermantation, but in sufficient for alcohol, acetone- toutano 1 fpi mentation and for bread yeast production, and it was found out that nitrogen should be added accorrM ng to Knvats und N i estr awsk i ( 1 973 ). The amounts of nitrate, which changed between 0.75-6.10 mg/kq in molasses were found in agreement with literature val ues. Nitrite was found far below the harmful level 0.009.75 mg/kg for fermentation, but considered quite important because of prohibiting the yeast from getting accustomed to surround and for being an indication of infection. Sulphur diokside values of molasses were changed in be tween 0.08 0.14 '/,. Even though application sulphur is thought to be necessary for factory conditions, those values were found high for fermentation. Iron content was reducing constantly as the experiment goes on and were found between 1.54-31.95 mg/kg. This indi cates the presence of corrosion as a result, of the waiting;- <+3 - out of the campaign given amounts were found in agreement with literature values; but since it is harmful for citric acid fermentation, molasses must be freed from iron. Results indicated that it is very important to have mo lasses with suitable quality for production. Factories using molasses as raw material, must be careful in selecting sam ples and think about some points, that effect on suitable spe ciality. In this way they can have economical benefits. By being careful in storing at long campaign periots and transportation of beets, necessary precautions must be taken and the faults, whichmav come about from the u<5aqe of spo i led beets. During out of campaininq periods being cored and repair ed, the tools and equipments should be cared and repaired, must be protected from corrosion. Thus iron concetra t ion will de crease; ptl drops caused by long pauses and events following this chain reactions are prevented. By controlling and putting in order the factory conditi ons Sub amount must be decreased. By making continuously analysis especially infection must be under control and behave according to the results. The making use of molasses in the fields that they are more economic should be paid after then and by this mot ter stud i on sou Id be made.