Publication: Disülfürlerin Mikrodalga Yardımıyla Sentezi
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Bu çalışmada klasik yöntemlerle uzun sürede ve düşük verimle sentezlenen sübstitüe disülfür türevleri farklı mikrodalga sentez yöntemleri kullanılarak sentez edilmiştir. Bu amaçla ev tipi bir mikrodalga fırına reaksiyonun ilerleyişini görmek için kamera takılmış ve bir geri soğutucu sistem eklenerek fırın modifiye edilmiştir.Bileşiklerin mikrodalga sentezleri; çözücü içerisinde, katı fazda ve çözücü ile ıslatılarak yapılmış; kısa reaksiyon zamanı ve yüksek verim açısından uygun şartlar belirlenmiştir. Sentezlenen disülfür türevlerinin yapıları IR, 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR spektroskopik teknikleri ile aydınlatılmıştır. Disülfürlerin reaksiyon süreleri ve verimleri dikkate alınarak klasik ve mikrodalga ısıtma karşılaştırması yapılmıştır.Klasik ısıtmayla % 25 verimle 1920 dakikada sentezlenen 4-Bromdifenildisülfür (VI), mikrodalga ısıtmayla 640 kat daha hızla % 69 verimle 3 dakikada sentezlenmiştir. 4-Klordifenildisülfür (V) klasik olarak % 40 verimle 1440 dakikada sentezlenirken, mikrodalgada % 77 verimle yaklaşık 720 kat daha kısa sürede 2 dakikada sentezlenmiştir. 2-Amino-3-(2-p-tolildisülfür) propanoik asit (XXXIX) mikrodalgada % 43 verimle 70 dakikada elde edilirken, klasik koşullarda elde edilememiştir.Mikrodalgaların hızlı ısıtması ve çözücülerin gecikmiş kaynama noktalarıyla ortaya çıkan termal etkiler ile polar geçiş durumlarındaki sterik veya elektronik sebeplerle, yüksek enerjili geçiş durumuna sahip reaksiyonlarda gözlenen, mikrodalgaların seçici ve etkin absorbsiyonundan kaynaklanan özelliklerin mikrodalgada yapılan reaksiyonların verimlerinde ve hızlarındaki önemli artışa neden olduğu düşünülmektedir.Bu çalışmada disülfür türevlerinin sentezinde kullanılan mikrodalga ısıtmanın, klasik ısıtmadan farklı bir etkiye sahip, hızlı ve yüksek verimli sentez imkanı sağlayan bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür.
In this study, substituted disulfur derivatives were synthesized by using microwave under different reaction conditions which normally take long reaction times and give low yields with classical heating methods. Therefore a domestic microwave oven was modified by fitting a reflux system and an internal camera in order to observe reaction development in the microwave. The reactions were performed in different reaction conditions such as in solution, at solid phase and neat and optimum conditions were investigated in microwave conditions for the shorter reaction time and higher yields. Structures of the disulfur derivatives identified by using IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques, Comparison of classical heating and microwave heating was conducted considering the reaction times and yields of the disulfures.Under classical conditions, 4-Bromodiphenyldisulfur (VI) obtained with 25 % yield in 1920 minutes whereas under microwave conditions, reaction was proceeded 640 times faster and reaction yield increased to 69 % in 3 minutes.4-Cholorodiphenyldisulfur (V), under conventional method was obtained with 40 % yield in 1440 minutes whereas in microwave conditions was synthesized with 77 % yield in 2 minutes and approximately 720 times shorter. 2-Amino-3-(2-p-tolyldisulfur) propanoic acid (XXXIX) was obtained 43 % yield in 70 minutes in microwave. This was not achieved under classical conditions.It was supposed that thermal effects which is due to nucleus limited boiling points of the solvents and faster heating rates of microwave with selective and effective absorption of microwave irradiation in reactions where high energy transition state exist due to steric and electronic effects and polar transition state because of important improvements in yields and reaction times in microwave.In this study, we observed that microwave heating, which is used in the synthesis of disulfur derivatives, has an different effect in comparison with classical heating, providing rapid and highly efficient synthesis.
In this study, substituted disulfur derivatives were synthesized by using microwave under different reaction conditions which normally take long reaction times and give low yields with classical heating methods. Therefore a domestic microwave oven was modified by fitting a reflux system and an internal camera in order to observe reaction development in the microwave. The reactions were performed in different reaction conditions such as in solution, at solid phase and neat and optimum conditions were investigated in microwave conditions for the shorter reaction time and higher yields. Structures of the disulfur derivatives identified by using IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques, Comparison of classical heating and microwave heating was conducted considering the reaction times and yields of the disulfures.Under classical conditions, 4-Bromodiphenyldisulfur (VI) obtained with 25 % yield in 1920 minutes whereas under microwave conditions, reaction was proceeded 640 times faster and reaction yield increased to 69 % in 3 minutes.4-Cholorodiphenyldisulfur (V), under conventional method was obtained with 40 % yield in 1440 minutes whereas in microwave conditions was synthesized with 77 % yield in 2 minutes and approximately 720 times shorter. 2-Amino-3-(2-p-tolyldisulfur) propanoic acid (XXXIX) was obtained 43 % yield in 70 minutes in microwave. This was not achieved under classical conditions.It was supposed that thermal effects which is due to nucleus limited boiling points of the solvents and faster heating rates of microwave with selective and effective absorption of microwave irradiation in reactions where high energy transition state exist due to steric and electronic effects and polar transition state because of important improvements in yields and reaction times in microwave.In this study, we observed that microwave heating, which is used in the synthesis of disulfur derivatives, has an different effect in comparison with classical heating, providing rapid and highly efficient synthesis.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2009
Libra Kayıt No: 58052
Libra Kayıt No: 58052
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