Determination of the Suitable Biomonitors to Be Used in Monitoring the Change for Reducing the Concentration of V in Areas With High-Level of Air Pollution

Abstract

In this study, Vanadium (V) concentrations were analyzed in five tree species (Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii) from Duzce city (Turkey), a highly polluted area. The research compared V levels across species, organs, directions, and age groups over the past 40 years. Trees, which absorb nutrients from soil and air, were used as biomonitors. Cupressus arizonica and Cedrus atlantica emerged as effective for V mitigation due to high wood accumulation. Significant inter- and intra-species variations in V concentrations were noted, underscoring their potential as V indicators. Annual rings from older trees offer a long-term monitoring method. This study highlights the importance of species-specific selection for monitoring heavy metals and the role of wood in preventing reintroduction of metals into ecosystems. It enhances our understanding of V dynamics and the environmental monitoring potential of these species.