Publication: Ftalonitril İçeren Bazı Organik Bileşiklerin Kristal, Moleküler Ve Spektroskopik Özelliklerinin Deneysel Ve Teorik Olarak İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında, altı adet ftalonitril grubu içeren tek kristallerin moleküler yapıları, spektroskopik (FT-IR ve NMR) özellikleri kuramsal ve deneysel olarak incelenmiş ve sunulmuştur. Ftalonitril iki bitişik nitril grubuna sahip bir benzen türevinden oluşmuştur. Ftalonitriller kimyasal madde sentezlerinde ara madde veya öncül madde olarak kullanılabilirler. Ftalonitriller, yüksek camsı geçiş sıcaklıkları, oksidatif ve termal stabiliteleri, neme ve yangına dayanıklılık gibi dikkat çekici özelliklere sahip bazı yüksek sıcaklık polimerlerini oluşturabilir ve askeri ve sivil alanlarda birçok yüksek teknoloji uygulamasında tercih edilirler. Bu sebeple, (I) 4- (4-metilbenzensülfonat) ftalonitril, (II) 3- (4-metilbenzensülfonat) ftalonitril, (III)3-(4-benzoilfenoksi) ftalonitril, (IV) 3-(2,3,5-trimetilfenoksi) ftalonitril, (V) 1,4-fenilene bis(4-metilbenzensulfonat) ftalonitril ve (VI) 4-(2-metoksifenoksi) ftalonitril molekülleri tek kristal formda sentezlenmiştir. Toplanan veriler kişisel bilgisayarda WinGx programında SHELXL-2014 vasıtasıyla çözülmüştür. Moleküllerin kristal yapısı X-Işını kırınım yöntemiyle deneysel olarak aydınlatılırken Gaussian 09W hesaplama programı vasıtasıyla kuramsal olarak hesaplatılmıştır. Deneysel çalışma sonuçlarını desteklemek amacıyla, bileşiklerin X-Işını kırınımından elde edilen moleküler geometrileri Yoğunluk Fonksiyoneli Teorisi (Density Functional Theory, YFT) ile Gaussian 09W ve GaussView 5.0 paket programları kullanılarak optimize edilmiş ve kuramsal IR ve NMR spektrumları hesaplanmıştır. Kuramsal hesaplamalarda yöntem olarak Becke'nin 3 parametreli hibrit değiş-tokuş fonksiyoneli (B3LYP), baz seti olarak ise 6-311++G(d,p) seçilmiştir. Kuramsal hesaplamalar sonucu elde edilen geometrik parametreler (bağ uzunluğu, bağ açısı ve torsiyon açıları), titreşim frekansları ve NMR değerleri deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel ve kuramsal sonuçlara bakıldığında literatür değerleri ile uyum içerisinde oldukları ve sonuçların birbirine yakın oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca HOMO-LUMO ve moleküler elektrostatik potansiyel haritaları kuramsal olarak gösterilmiştir.
In this thesis, molecular structures and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) properties of single crystals containing six phthalonitrile groups were examined and theoretically and experimentally presented. Phthalonitrile is a benzene derivative with two adjacent nitrile groups. Phthalonitriles can be used as intermediates or precursors in chemical synthesis. Phthalonitrile can form some high temperature polymers with remarkable properties such as high glass transition temperatures, oxidative and thermal stability, moisture and fire resistance, and are preferred in many high-tech applications in the military and civilian fields. Therefore, (I) 4- (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile, (II) 3- (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile, (III) 3- (4-benzoylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, (IV) 3- (2,3,5) -trimethylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, (V) 1,4-phenylene bis (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile and (VI) 4- (2-methoxyphenoxy) phthalonitrile were synthesized in single crystal form. The collected data was decoded on the personal computer via SHELXL-2014 in the WinGx program. The crystal structure of the molecules was experimentally illuminated by X-ray diffraction method and theoretically calculated by Gaussian 09W calculation program. In order to support the experimental results, molecular geometries obtained from X-ray diffraction were optimized by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Gaussian 09W and GaussView 5.0 package programs and theoretical IR and NMR spectra were calculated. In the theoretical calculations, Becke's 3-parameter hybrid exchange function (B3LYP) was used as the method and 6-311 ++ G (d, p) was selected as the basis set. The geometric parameters (bond length, bond angle and torsion angles), vibration frequencies and NMR values obtained from the theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental results. When the experimental and theoretical results are examined, it is seen that they are in good agreement with the literature values and the results are close to each other. In addition, HOMO-LUMO and molecular electrostatic potential maps are shown theoretically.
In this thesis, molecular structures and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) properties of single crystals containing six phthalonitrile groups were examined and theoretically and experimentally presented. Phthalonitrile is a benzene derivative with two adjacent nitrile groups. Phthalonitriles can be used as intermediates or precursors in chemical synthesis. Phthalonitrile can form some high temperature polymers with remarkable properties such as high glass transition temperatures, oxidative and thermal stability, moisture and fire resistance, and are preferred in many high-tech applications in the military and civilian fields. Therefore, (I) 4- (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile, (II) 3- (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile, (III) 3- (4-benzoylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, (IV) 3- (2,3,5) -trimethylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, (V) 1,4-phenylene bis (4-methylbenzenesulfonate) phthalonitrile and (VI) 4- (2-methoxyphenoxy) phthalonitrile were synthesized in single crystal form. The collected data was decoded on the personal computer via SHELXL-2014 in the WinGx program. The crystal structure of the molecules was experimentally illuminated by X-ray diffraction method and theoretically calculated by Gaussian 09W calculation program. In order to support the experimental results, molecular geometries obtained from X-ray diffraction were optimized by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Gaussian 09W and GaussView 5.0 package programs and theoretical IR and NMR spectra were calculated. In the theoretical calculations, Becke's 3-parameter hybrid exchange function (B3LYP) was used as the method and 6-311 ++ G (d, p) was selected as the basis set. The geometric parameters (bond length, bond angle and torsion angles), vibration frequencies and NMR values obtained from the theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental results. When the experimental and theoretical results are examined, it is seen that they are in good agreement with the literature values and the results are close to each other. In addition, HOMO-LUMO and molecular electrostatic potential maps are shown theoretically.
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