Publication: 2-Hidroksi-4,5-Dimetoksi Benzen İçeren Schiff Bazları ve Metal Komplekslerinin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Antibakteriyel Aktivitelerinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Salisilaldehit türevi Schiff bazları ve metal kompleksleri, farmakolojik özellikleri nedeniyle dikkat çekmektedir. Araştırmalar, yeni metal bazlı bileşiklerin mikrobiyal enfeksiyonlarla mücadelede umut verici bir yöntem olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle ticari antibiyotiklere direnç geliştiren bakterilere karşı etkili yeni ilaçların bulunması, mevcut eksiklikleri gidermek açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu tez konusu ile kimya literatüründe bulunmayan Schiff bazı bileşiklerinin ve metal komplekslerinin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve antibakteriyel aktivitelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 2-Hidroksi-4,5-dimetoksi benzaldehit bileşiği ile 2-aminofenol, 2-amino-4-klorofenol, 2-amino-5-metilfenol, 2-amino-4-metilfenol ve 2-amino-3-metilfenol bileşiklerinin reaksiyonundan karşılık gelen 5 adet yeni ONO tipi Schiff bazı ligandı elde edildi. Elde edilen bu ligandlar ile Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O, Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O ve Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O tuzlarının reaksiyonundan 20 adet yeni metal kompleksi sentezlendi. Tek kristalleri elde edilen Schiff bazlarının kristalografik ve moleküler yapıları X-Işınları kırınım yöntemiyle belirlendi. Sentezlenen ligand ve onların Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+ ve Zn2+ komplekslerinin yapıları FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis. ve elementel analiz teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edildi. Sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak Schiff bazı ligandları ve metal komplekslerinin Escherichia coli, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus ve Staphylococcus aureus bakterileri üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkinlikleri araştırıldı. Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif bakterilerinin MİK değerleri incelendiğinde ligand ve metal komplekslerinin antibakteriyel etkinliklerinin Ofloksasin antibiyotiğine karşı düşük düzeyde olduğu ancak kompleksleşmenin antibakteriyel aktivitede belirgin bir artışa neden olduğu tespit edildi. Bu bulgular, metal komplekslerinin potansiyel antibakteriyel ajanlar olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
The pharmacological properties of salicylaldehyde-derived Schiff bases and metal complexes have attracted considerable attention. Studies have indicated that new metal-based compounds may offer a promising approach to combating microbial infections. The development of drugs effective against bacteria that have developed resistance to commercial antibiotics is of particular importance in order to overcome existing deficiencies. The objective of this thesis is to synthesise, characterise and investigate the antibacterial activities of Schiff base compounds and metal complexes that are not currently available in the chemical literature. The reaction of 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-4-methylphenol and 2-amino-3-methylphenol yielded five new ONO-type Schiff base ligands. From the reaction of these ligands with Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O, Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O and Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O salts yielded the synthesis of 20 new metal complexes. The crystallographic and molecular structures of single crystals of Schiff bases were determined by X-ray diffraction. The structures of the synthesized ligands and their Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ complexes were characterized by using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, UV-Vis, and elemental analysis techniques. The antibacterial activities of Schiff base ligands and metal complexes on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were investigated by liquid microdilution method. Upon analysis of the MIC values of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it was found that the antibacterial activities of the ligands and metal complexes were low against the antibiotic ofloxacin; however, complexation resulted in a significant increase in antibacterial activity. The results of this study indicate that metal complexes may have potential as antibacterial agents.
The pharmacological properties of salicylaldehyde-derived Schiff bases and metal complexes have attracted considerable attention. Studies have indicated that new metal-based compounds may offer a promising approach to combating microbial infections. The development of drugs effective against bacteria that have developed resistance to commercial antibiotics is of particular importance in order to overcome existing deficiencies. The objective of this thesis is to synthesise, characterise and investigate the antibacterial activities of Schiff base compounds and metal complexes that are not currently available in the chemical literature. The reaction of 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-4-methylphenol and 2-amino-3-methylphenol yielded five new ONO-type Schiff base ligands. From the reaction of these ligands with Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O, Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O and Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O salts yielded the synthesis of 20 new metal complexes. The crystallographic and molecular structures of single crystals of Schiff bases were determined by X-ray diffraction. The structures of the synthesized ligands and their Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ complexes were characterized by using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, UV-Vis, and elemental analysis techniques. The antibacterial activities of Schiff base ligands and metal complexes on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were investigated by liquid microdilution method. Upon analysis of the MIC values of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it was found that the antibacterial activities of the ligands and metal complexes were low against the antibiotic ofloxacin; however, complexation resulted in a significant increase in antibacterial activity. The results of this study indicate that metal complexes may have potential as antibacterial agents.
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