Publication: Sıçan (Wistar Albino) Serebellumunda Kadmiyumun Neden Olduğu Hücre Ölümüne Nitrik Oksit Sentaz (NOS) İnhibitörlerinin Etkisi
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ÖZET SIÇAN (Wistar albino) SEREBELLUMUNDA KADMİYUMUN NEDEN OLDUĞU HÜCRE ÖLÜMÜNE NİTRİK OKSİT SENTAZ (NOS) İNHİBİTÖRLERİNİN ETKİSİ Faruk TAN Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Samsun, Mart 2003 Kadmiyumun nöronal hiperaktiviteye ve hücre ölümüne yol açtığına dair az da olsa çalışmalar mevcuttur. Kadmiyum ile yapılan çalışmalar daha ziyade elektrofizyoloji üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Fakat kadmiyum nörotoksisitesine nitrik oksitin (NO) etkisini içeren bir çalışmaya hiç rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle sıçanda somatomotor kortekse kadmiyum sülfat (CdS04) verildikten sonra spesifik Nitrik Oksit Sentaz (İNOS) enzim inhibitörü olan Aminoguanidin (AG) ve NO öncüsü olan L-Arjinin (L-Arj) 'in serebelluma ait Purkinje hücre sayışma etkisini tesbit etmek üzere, sunulan çalışma planlandı. Bu amaçla; saf, kontrol, kadmiyum, kadmiyum+AG-50 mg/kg, kadmiyum+AG-100 mg/kg, kadmiyum+AG-200 mg/kg, kadmiyum+L-Arj-500 mg/kg, kadmiyum+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg ve kadmiyum+L-Arj- 2000 mg/kg, grupları olmak üzere 6'şar sıçandan oluşan 9 grup oluşturuldu. Kadmiyum grubu sıçanlara 0,0021 mg/kg CdS04 sol hemisfere (bregmanın lateraline) intrakortikal yoldan enjekte edildi. Kontrol grubuna aynı hacimde serum fizyolojik verildi. Kadmiyum+ Aminoguanidin gruplarına günde iki kez olmak üzere 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg ve 200 mg/kg AG 15 gün süreyle intraperitoneal yoldan verildi. Saf grup ise hiçbir işleme tabi tutulmadı ve hiçbir madde verilmedi. Bu sürelerin sonunda sıçanlar intrakortikal yoldan nötral formalin ile perfüzyona alındı. Serebellumdan elde edilen kesitler cresyl violet ile boyandı. Stereolojik sayım yöntemlerinden, optik parçalama metodu kullanılarak serebelluma ait toplam Purkinje hücre sayılan hesaplandı. Purkinje hücre sayılan; saf grupta 362586 ± 1436,75; kontrol grubunda 354864 ± 3455,09; kadmiyum grubunda 145542 ± 1285.51; kadmiyum+AG-50 mg/kg grubunda 190214 ± 2456,13; kadmiyum+AG-100 mg/kg grubunda 214694 ± 1967,99; kadmiyum+AG- 200 mg/kg grubunda 212514 ± 1681,53; kadmiyum+L-Arj-500 mg/kg grubunda 120133 ± 2034,04; kadmiyum+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg grubunda 130589 ± 3279,42 ve kadmiyum+L-Arj- 2000 mg/kg grubunda ise 128512 ± 1812,55 olarak bulundu. Sonuçlar student'in 't' testi ile değerlendirildi. Sunulan çalışma ile sıçanda kadmiyumun nörotoksik etkisinin, spesifik NOS inhibitörü olan AG tarafından azaltıldığına dair sonuçlar tamamen yeni bulgulardır. L- Arjininin kadmiyumdan kaynaklanan hücre ölümünü arttırdığı ve bu nörotoksik etkide NO'nun da rol aldığını, elde ettiğimiz bulgular göstermektedir.VI ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER 1. Kadmiyum 2. Serebellum 3. Aminoguanidin 4. L-Arjinin 5. Stereo loji 6. Purkinje 7. Sıçan
vn ABSTRACT EFFECT OF NOS INHIBITORSON CELL DEATH INDUCED BY CADMIUM IN RAT (Wistar albino) CEREBELLUM Faruk TAN Ondokuz Mayıs Universty Samsun, March 2003 There are a few studies concerning the neurotoxic effects of cadmium and its effects on neuronal hyperactivity. Most of the studies focused on electrophysiological properties. In our knowledge there is no study on the effects NO on cadmium neurotoxicity in the literature. The present study was designed to assess the effects of a specific NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) and a NO precursor L-Arginine (L-Arj) on the cadmium induced Purkinje cells loss after CdS04 injection into the somatomotor cortices of Wistar albino rats. For this puspose 9 groups of rats, each containing six animals were formed as non-operated, control, cadmium, Cd+Ag-50 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-100 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-200 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-500 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-2000 mg/kg respectively. Rats in cadmium groups received 0,0021 mg/kg intracortical Cd injection in the left hemisphere, lateral to Bregma. Control group received the same voume of saline. Cd+AG group received i.p. AG injections for 15 days after the intracortical Cd injections twice a day in 50, 100 on 200 mg/kg dases, respectively. Non operated group received neither any treatment nor any operation. After this period, rats were perfused intracardially via neutral formaline and cerebellar sections were stained with cresyl violet staining. Optical fractionator method was used to estimate the total number of Purkinje cells in rat cerebella. Purkinje cell number in non-operated, control, Cd, Cd+Ag-50 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-100 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-200 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-500 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-2000 mg/kg groups were; 362586 ± 1436,75; 354864 ± 3455,09; 145542 ± 1285.51; 190214 ± 2456,13; 214694 ± 1967,99; 212514 ± 1681,53; 120133 ± 2034,04; 130589 ± 3279,42 and 128512 ± 1812,55 respectively. Results were evaluated by student's ' t ' test. Our results are new findings suggesting that may attenuate the cerebellar purkinje cell death induced by cortical cadmium administration. L-Arjinin also appeared to augment the cell death and these findings are demostrated in the present study for the first time in the current literature.VIII KEY WORDS 1. Cadmium 2. Cerebellum 3. Aminoguanidine 4. L-Arginine 5. Stereologi 6. Purkinje 7. Rat
vn ABSTRACT EFFECT OF NOS INHIBITORSON CELL DEATH INDUCED BY CADMIUM IN RAT (Wistar albino) CEREBELLUM Faruk TAN Ondokuz Mayıs Universty Samsun, March 2003 There are a few studies concerning the neurotoxic effects of cadmium and its effects on neuronal hyperactivity. Most of the studies focused on electrophysiological properties. In our knowledge there is no study on the effects NO on cadmium neurotoxicity in the literature. The present study was designed to assess the effects of a specific NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) and a NO precursor L-Arginine (L-Arj) on the cadmium induced Purkinje cells loss after CdS04 injection into the somatomotor cortices of Wistar albino rats. For this puspose 9 groups of rats, each containing six animals were formed as non-operated, control, cadmium, Cd+Ag-50 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-100 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-200 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-500 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-2000 mg/kg respectively. Rats in cadmium groups received 0,0021 mg/kg intracortical Cd injection in the left hemisphere, lateral to Bregma. Control group received the same voume of saline. Cd+AG group received i.p. AG injections for 15 days after the intracortical Cd injections twice a day in 50, 100 on 200 mg/kg dases, respectively. Non operated group received neither any treatment nor any operation. After this period, rats were perfused intracardially via neutral formaline and cerebellar sections were stained with cresyl violet staining. Optical fractionator method was used to estimate the total number of Purkinje cells in rat cerebella. Purkinje cell number in non-operated, control, Cd, Cd+Ag-50 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-100 mg/kg, Cd+Ag-200 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-500 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-1000 mg/kg, Cd+L-Arj-2000 mg/kg groups were; 362586 ± 1436,75; 354864 ± 3455,09; 145542 ± 1285.51; 190214 ± 2456,13; 214694 ± 1967,99; 212514 ± 1681,53; 120133 ± 2034,04; 130589 ± 3279,42 and 128512 ± 1812,55 respectively. Results were evaluated by student's ' t ' test. Our results are new findings suggesting that may attenuate the cerebellar purkinje cell death induced by cortical cadmium administration. L-Arjinin also appeared to augment the cell death and these findings are demostrated in the present study for the first time in the current literature.VIII KEY WORDS 1. Cadmium 2. Cerebellum 3. Aminoguanidine 4. L-Arginine 5. Stereologi 6. Purkinje 7. Rat
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2003
Libra Kayıt No: 42614
Libra Kayıt No: 42614
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