Publication: Mor Soğan (Allium Cepa L.) Tozu Üretimi ve Özellikleri
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı mor soğan ekstraktının farklı çeşit ve oranlardaki kaplama malzemeleri ile enkapsüle edilmesi ve enkapsüle mor soğan ekstraktının fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon koşullarının optimize edilmesi için Box-Behnken deney tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Faktör olarak sıcaklık, süre ve etanol konsantrasyonu yanıt olarak toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid, toplam antosiyanin ve DPPH serbest radikalini giderme etkisi seçilmiştir. İstenilirlik fonksiyonuna göre, optimum ekstraksiyon koşulları, 20°C, 15 dakika, %60 etanol konsantrasyonu olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, optimum koşullarda elde edilen ekstrakt konsantre edilip, farklı kaplama malzemeleri (maltodekstrin ve gam arabik) kullanılarak püskürtmeli kurutucuda kurutulmuştur. Kurutma koşullarının optimize edilmesinde merkezi kompozit deney tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Kurutmada bağımsız değişken olarak sıcaklık ve maltodekstrin:gam arabik oranı kullanılmıştır. Yanıt olarak toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid, toplam antosiyanin ve DPPH serbest radikalini giderme etkisi seçilmiştir. İstenilirlik fonksiyonuna göre optimum kurutma koşulları 170°C ve 5:5 maltodekstrin:gam arabik olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında, optimum koşullardaki kaplayıcı oranı kullanılarak liyofilize soğan tozları üretilmiş ve liyofilize tozlarla optimum noktadaki örnekler, fizikokimyasal özellikler açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Püskürtmeli kurutma yöntemi ile üretilen örneklerin toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivite değerleri dondurularak kurutulmuş örneklerden istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Çalışma sonucunda, optimum kurutma koşullarında, her iki kurutma yöntemiyle üretilen mikrokapsüllerin DSC ve FTIR analizleri ile enkapsülasyonun başarılı bir şekilde yapıldığı doğrulanmıştır. 80oC' de yapılan ısıl stabilite testi sonucuna göre, kaplanmamış ekstrakttaki biyoaktif bileşen kaybı, optimum kurutma koşullarında elde edilen tozlardaki kayıplara göre oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Yapılan in vitro sindirim testi sonuçları, optimum kurutma koşullarında üretilen enkapsüle soğan tozlarının mide koşullarına karşı dirençli olduğunu ve bağırsakta kontrollü salınım özelliği gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.
The main aim of this study was to encapsulate purple onion extracts with different kinds and proportions of coating materials along with finding out the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated extracts. In the first stage of the study, Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions. Temperature, time and solvent (ethanol) concentrations were chosen as factors, while total phenolic matter, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and DPPH free radical scavenging effects were selected as responses. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as 20°C, 15 minutes and 60% ethanol based on the desirability functions. In the second stage of the study, the extract obtained under optimum conditions was concentrated and dried in spray drier using different coating materials such as maltodextrin and gum arabic. For this purpose, the central composite experimental design was used to optimize the drying conditions. The temperature and maltodextrin:gum arabic ratio were used as independent variables. Total phenolic matter, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and DPPH free radical scavenging effects were investigated as responses. According to the desirability functions, optimum drying conditions were determined as 170°C and 5:5 maltodextrin:gum arabic. In the last stage of our study, the lyophilized onion powder was produced using the optimum condition of the coating ratio. The lyophilized powders and samples at the optimum point were compared in terms of physicochemical characteristics. Statistically, no significant difference has been found between the total phenolic matter, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity values of the spray and frozen dried samples (p>0.05). As a result of the study, it was confirmed that under optimum drying conditions, encapsulation was successfully conducted with DSC and FTIR analyses of the microcapsules produced with both drying methods. According to the result of the thermal stability test performed at 80oC, the bioactive compound loss in uncoated extracts was found to be quite high when compared with the loss in powders obtained under optimum drying conditions. The results of the in vitro digestion test showed that the encapsulated onion powders produced under optimum drying conditions were resistant in stomach conditions and had a controlled release feature in the intestine.
The main aim of this study was to encapsulate purple onion extracts with different kinds and proportions of coating materials along with finding out the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated extracts. In the first stage of the study, Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions. Temperature, time and solvent (ethanol) concentrations were chosen as factors, while total phenolic matter, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and DPPH free radical scavenging effects were selected as responses. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as 20°C, 15 minutes and 60% ethanol based on the desirability functions. In the second stage of the study, the extract obtained under optimum conditions was concentrated and dried in spray drier using different coating materials such as maltodextrin and gum arabic. For this purpose, the central composite experimental design was used to optimize the drying conditions. The temperature and maltodextrin:gum arabic ratio were used as independent variables. Total phenolic matter, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and DPPH free radical scavenging effects were investigated as responses. According to the desirability functions, optimum drying conditions were determined as 170°C and 5:5 maltodextrin:gum arabic. In the last stage of our study, the lyophilized onion powder was produced using the optimum condition of the coating ratio. The lyophilized powders and samples at the optimum point were compared in terms of physicochemical characteristics. Statistically, no significant difference has been found between the total phenolic matter, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity values of the spray and frozen dried samples (p>0.05). As a result of the study, it was confirmed that under optimum drying conditions, encapsulation was successfully conducted with DSC and FTIR analyses of the microcapsules produced with both drying methods. According to the result of the thermal stability test performed at 80oC, the bioactive compound loss in uncoated extracts was found to be quite high when compared with the loss in powders obtained under optimum drying conditions. The results of the in vitro digestion test showed that the encapsulated onion powders produced under optimum drying conditions were resistant in stomach conditions and had a controlled release feature in the intestine.
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