Publication: Sülünlerde Yumurta Verimi, Yaş ve Kuluçka Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler
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Bu çalışma doğal şartlarda üretim yapılan sülünlerde yaşa ve mevsimsel değişikliklere bağlı olarak, yumurta verimi, kuluçka sonuçları ile embriyo ölümlerindeki değişimleri ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Samsun-Gelemen Sülün Üretme İstasyonunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. İşletmede Macar (Halkalı) ve Yerli (Kafkas) sülün genotiplerinden köken alan 114 erkek ve 800 dişi (1♂:7♀) damızlık sülün başlangıç materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Yumurtlama dönemi 45 haftalık yaşta Mart ayı sonunda başlamış ve 16 hafta sürdürülmüştür. 60 haftalık yaşta biten (Temmuz) yumurtlama döneminde yumurta verimleri günlük olarak kaydedilmiş ve haftalık olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen yumurtaların kuluçkalık özellikte olanlarından yumurta ağırlıkları alınmış, haftada bir defa olmak koşuluyla toplam 9 kuluçka işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kuluçkada döllülük oranı, çıkış gücü, kuluçka randımanı gibi özelliklere ilave olarak civciv ağırlıkları, çıkış olmayan yumurtalarda erken, orta, geç dönem embriyo ölümleri ile kabuk altı embriyo ölümleri belirlenmiştir. Yumurtlama periyodu sonu erkek ve dişi canlı ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Yumurta verimleri bakımından haftalık yaşlar arasındaki farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Değişik dönemlerde belirlenen yumurta ağırlıkları (49-60. haftalık yaşlarda) ve civciv ağırlıkları (46-54. haftalık yaşlarda) arasında farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Gerçekleştirilen 9 kuluçka işlemi (46-54 haftalık yaşlar arası) sonuçlarına göre çıkış gücünde haftalık yaşlar bakımından istatistiki olarak fark bulunmazken, 54 haftalık yaşta döllülük oranında düşüş nedeniyle son kuluçka sonuçları diğerlerinden önemli düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Embriyo ölümlerinde yaşa bağlı olarak önemli farklılıklar görülmemesine karşın, yumurta veriminin yüksek olduğu haftalarda embriyo ölümlerinin düşük ve kuluçka randımanının yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 60 haftalık yaşta dişi ve erkek sülünlerin canlı ağırlık bakımından cinsiyete bağlı farkları önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Çalışma sonuçları, sülünlerde yumurta üretim döneminin aydınlatma uyarısı olmadığı için geç başladığını ve üretim periyodunun doğal üreme sürecine bağlı olarak gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Verim ve kuluçka özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi daha erken yaşta aydınlatma uyarısına başlanması ile sağlanabilecektir.
The aim of this study is to determine how serious the production problems are; such as egg production, fertility, hatchability and embriyonic mortality, depending on the different weeks of age and seasonal changes. Our research has been carried out in Samsun-Gelemen Pheasant Breeding Station. The breeding pheasants that are used in the farm are made up of 114 male and 800 female pheasants (1♂:7♀), having Hungarian and Caucasian genotypes. During the of egg-laying period, lasting for 16 weeks, which is from the end of March (at the age of 45 weeks) to the middle of July (at the age of 60 weeks), egg production was recorded daily, and it was evaluated once a week and nine times totally. Differences between weeks of age in terms of egg production have been found statistically significant (P<0.05). Such information as egg weights, chick weights, fertility rate, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of total eggs and embriyonic mortality (early, middle, late and dead-in-shell) rate has been determined through the hatching eggs, obtained from pheasants. At the end of the egg-laying season, male and female live weights have been measured. Egg (49-60 weeks) and chick (46-54 weeks) weights have been evaluated, taking the breeding age at which the eggs have been collected into consideration. Differences between weeks of age have been found statistically significant (P<0.05). A total of 9 different incubation has been carried out among 46 and 54 week-old stock. Although hatchability of fertile eggs has been found insignificant on account of differences of weeks of age, hatchability of total eggs has been found significant in last incubation, compared to other weeks because of low fertility rate in the 54th. week (P<0.05). While no difference has been observed in the embriyonic deaths according to embriyonic mortality periods, (P<0.05), lower embriyonic mortality and higher hatchability have been seen in the weeks of high egg production. The record of male and female live weights,considering the gender has been found statistically significant at the age 60 weeks (P<0.05). Study results showed that, because of there wasn't an egg-laying period without lightening situmulation, this period have been started late and its process ran as its own nature. Increasing the production and hatching traits can be done by starting lightening situmulation in early ages.
The aim of this study is to determine how serious the production problems are; such as egg production, fertility, hatchability and embriyonic mortality, depending on the different weeks of age and seasonal changes. Our research has been carried out in Samsun-Gelemen Pheasant Breeding Station. The breeding pheasants that are used in the farm are made up of 114 male and 800 female pheasants (1♂:7♀), having Hungarian and Caucasian genotypes. During the of egg-laying period, lasting for 16 weeks, which is from the end of March (at the age of 45 weeks) to the middle of July (at the age of 60 weeks), egg production was recorded daily, and it was evaluated once a week and nine times totally. Differences between weeks of age in terms of egg production have been found statistically significant (P<0.05). Such information as egg weights, chick weights, fertility rate, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of total eggs and embriyonic mortality (early, middle, late and dead-in-shell) rate has been determined through the hatching eggs, obtained from pheasants. At the end of the egg-laying season, male and female live weights have been measured. Egg (49-60 weeks) and chick (46-54 weeks) weights have been evaluated, taking the breeding age at which the eggs have been collected into consideration. Differences between weeks of age have been found statistically significant (P<0.05). A total of 9 different incubation has been carried out among 46 and 54 week-old stock. Although hatchability of fertile eggs has been found insignificant on account of differences of weeks of age, hatchability of total eggs has been found significant in last incubation, compared to other weeks because of low fertility rate in the 54th. week (P<0.05). While no difference has been observed in the embriyonic deaths according to embriyonic mortality periods, (P<0.05), lower embriyonic mortality and higher hatchability have been seen in the weeks of high egg production. The record of male and female live weights,considering the gender has been found statistically significant at the age 60 weeks (P<0.05). Study results showed that, because of there wasn't an egg-laying period without lightening situmulation, this period have been started late and its process ran as its own nature. Increasing the production and hatching traits can be done by starting lightening situmulation in early ages.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2014
Libra Kayıt No: 114747
Libra Kayıt No: 114747
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