Publication: Profesyonel Futbolcularda Farklı Dar Alan Oyunlarının İç ve Dış Yüklere Etkisi
Abstract
Futbolda fiziksel performansın artırılması ve antrenman yüklerinin doğru yönetilmesi, performans gelişimi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu sebeple dar alan oyunları ve dar alan oyunlarının yapılandırılması teknik taktik gelişim kadar fizyolojik yüklenmeler için de önemlidir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı profesyonel futbolcularda farklı dar alan oyunlarında ortaya çıkan iç ve dış yüklenmelerin etkisini araştırmaktı. Çalışma 2024-2025 Türkiye Trendyol Süper Ligde mücadele eden Reeder Samsunspor futolcuları katıldı. Dış yük olarak lokomotor yüklerden Toplam Mesafe (m), 12 - 16 km/s Hız Aralığındaki Mesafe (m), Dakika Başına Kat Edilen Mesafe değerleri, mekanik yük olarak Dakika Başına Akselerasyon ve Deselerasyon Eforları, Yüksek Metabolik Güç Altında Kat Edilen Mesafe (m), Toplam Oyuncu Yükü (PL), Dakika Başına Oyuncu Yükü(PL/min.), Akselerasyon Bantlarında Toplam Efor Sayısı, Deselerasyon Bantlarında Toplam Efor Sayısı, Pozitif İvmelenme(B1-3) + Negatif Yavaşlama (D1-3) değerleri alındı. İç yüklerden HRV ve AZD değerleri alındı. Veriler GPS veri aktarma modeli kullanılarak toplandı. Çalışmada on dakikalık 4v4, 4v4 jokerli; on ikli dakikalık 6v3,4v4 jokerli, 3v3 jokerli; 16 dakikalık 3v3, 4v4, 5v5 yapılandırılmış dar alan oyunları uygulandı. Benzer şekilde 4v4 oyun formatında 10 dakika, 10 dakika jokerli, 16 dakika; 5v5 formatında 12, 15 ve 16 dakika dar alan oyunları yapıldı. İkili grupların karşılaştırılasında Independent t testi, ikiden fazla grup karşılatırılmasında ANOVA testleri uygulandı. Yapılan analiz sonucunda süre ve oyuncu sayısyına göre iç ve dış yüklerde farklılık olduğu tespit edildi. Bu farklılık on dakikalık 4v4 oyunda, on iki dakikalık oyunda 4v4 jokerli, on beş dakikalık oyunlarda 3v3 lehine farklılık bulundu. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre oyuncu sayısının azalması futbolcularda yükün artmasına etki etmiştir. Sonuç olarak yapılacak antrenman programlarında dar alan oyunlarının, antrenmanın fizyolojik taleperlerine göre yapılandırılması önerilemektedir.
Enhancing physical performance and effectively managing training loads in football is important for performance development. Therefore, small-sided games (SSGs) and their structural organization are significant for technical and tactical development and physiological load. This study investigated the effects of internal and external loads observed in different small-sided games among professional football players. The study included football players from Reeder Samsunspor, a team competing in the 2024–2025 Turkish Trendyol Super League. As external load variables, the following locomotor metrics were recorded: Total Distance (m), Distance Covered at 12–16 km/h (m), and Distance per Minute (m/min). For external load, the following mechanical load parameters were analyzed: Acceleration and Deceleration Efforts per Minute, Distance Covered Under High Metabolic Power (m), Total Player Load (PL), Player Load per Minute (PL/min), Total Number of Efforts in Acceleration and Deceleration Bands, and Positive Acceleration (B1–3) + Negative Deceleration (D1–3) values. Additionally, HRV and AZD were recorded as internal load indicators. The data were collected using a GPS-based tracking system. The applied small-sided game formats included 4v4 and 4v4 with a joker for 10 minutes; 6v3, 4v4 with a joker, and 3v3 with a joker for 12 minutes; and 3v3, 4v4, and 5v5 for 16 minutes. Similarly, the 4v4 format was played for 10 minutes (with and without a joker) and 16 minutes, while the 5v5 format was played for 12, 15, and 16 minutes. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare two groups, and ANOVA tests were conducted to compare more than two groups. The analysis revealed that internal and external loads varied according to game duration and number of players. Significant differences were found in favour of 4v4 in the 10-minute format, 4v4 with a joker in the 12-minute format, and 3v3 in the 15-minute format. The findings suggest that a decrease in players leads to increased training load. Consequently, small-sided games should be structured according to the physiological demands of the training program.
Enhancing physical performance and effectively managing training loads in football is important for performance development. Therefore, small-sided games (SSGs) and their structural organization are significant for technical and tactical development and physiological load. This study investigated the effects of internal and external loads observed in different small-sided games among professional football players. The study included football players from Reeder Samsunspor, a team competing in the 2024–2025 Turkish Trendyol Super League. As external load variables, the following locomotor metrics were recorded: Total Distance (m), Distance Covered at 12–16 km/h (m), and Distance per Minute (m/min). For external load, the following mechanical load parameters were analyzed: Acceleration and Deceleration Efforts per Minute, Distance Covered Under High Metabolic Power (m), Total Player Load (PL), Player Load per Minute (PL/min), Total Number of Efforts in Acceleration and Deceleration Bands, and Positive Acceleration (B1–3) + Negative Deceleration (D1–3) values. Additionally, HRV and AZD were recorded as internal load indicators. The data were collected using a GPS-based tracking system. The applied small-sided game formats included 4v4 and 4v4 with a joker for 10 minutes; 6v3, 4v4 with a joker, and 3v3 with a joker for 12 minutes; and 3v3, 4v4, and 5v5 for 16 minutes. Similarly, the 4v4 format was played for 10 minutes (with and without a joker) and 16 minutes, while the 5v5 format was played for 12, 15, and 16 minutes. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare two groups, and ANOVA tests were conducted to compare more than two groups. The analysis revealed that internal and external loads varied according to game duration and number of players. Significant differences were found in favour of 4v4 in the 10-minute format, 4v4 with a joker in the 12-minute format, and 3v3 in the 15-minute format. The findings suggest that a decrease in players leads to increased training load. Consequently, small-sided games should be structured according to the physiological demands of the training program.
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