Publication: Molla Gürânî ve Fıkıh Düşüncesi
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti pek çok alime ev sahipliği yapmış ve pek çok eserin üretilmiş olduğu bir ilim merkezi olmuştur. On beşinci asırda yaşamış ve üzerine yeterince çalışma yapılmamış olan Molla Gürânî çeşitli ilim dallarında eser üretmiş bir Osmanlı alimidir. Eğitimine küçük yaşlarda başlamış, muhtelif ilim merkezlerinde ünlü isimlerinden ilim tahsil etmiştir. II. Murad döneminde Osmanlı'ya gelen Gürânî, burada ilmî zekasıyla kendisini padişaha sevdirmiş ve önemli medreselerde müderrislik yaptıktan sonra padişahın oğlu II. Mehmed'e hocalık yapmış; Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in İstanbul'u fethetmesinde fikrî ve manevî destekte bulunmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti'nde kadılık, kazaskerlik ve şeyhülislamlık gibi görevlerde bulunan Molla Gürânî üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda onun fakih yönüne değinilmemektedir. Bu tezde, bir Osmanlı alimi olan ve fıkıh ile bu kadar alakalı mesleklerde görev almasına rağmen bu yönü yeterince çalışılmayan Gürânî ele alınarak fıkıh ilmi açısından alandaki boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla iki bölümden oluşan bu tezin birinci bölümünde Molla Gürânî'nin hayatı, tahsili, tedrisi, yapmış olduğu görevleri, öğrencileri, eserleri ve kurmuş olduğu vakıflarından bahsedilmekte; ikinci bölümde onun füru fıkha dair görüşleri aktarılmaktadır. Bu maksatla Molla Gürânî'nin, üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda eksik bırakılan füru fıkıh görüşleri, onun yazmış olduğu tefsiri Gâyetü'l-emânî fî tefsîri'l-kelâmi'r-rabbânî ve Buhârî şerhi el-Kevserü'l-cârî alâ riyâzi'l-buhârî'den elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda tespit edilmekte ve görüşleri modern hukuka uygun başlıklar altında tasnif edilmektedir. Ayrıca Osmanlı Devleti'ne geldikten sonra kaynaklarda Hanefi mezhebine geçtiği aktarılan Molla Gürânî'nin mezkûr eserlerde bazı konularda Şâfiî'nin görüşlerini tercih etmesi ve Ebu Hanife'nin görüşlerini eleştirmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Molla Gürânî, şeyhülislam, Osmanlı, fıkıh.
Ottoman Empire hosted many scholars and became a knowledge centre that produced many works. Molla Gurānī is an under-researched Ottoman scholar who lived in the fifteenth century and produced works in different fields of Islamic sciences. He started his education at a young age and travelled to various places to obtain knowledge from famous scholars of the era. Molla Gurānī who came to the Ottomans through the agency of Molla Yegān, endeared himself to Murad II with his intelligence, after serving as a teacher in the significant madrasas he became the teacher of Mehmed II and encouraged his idea of conquering Constantinople. The works on Molla Gurānī who served as qadi, qadi askar and shaikh al-Islam has only limited with his mufassir and muhaddith aspects, and his fiqh aspect was not touched on in detail. It is aimed to fill a gap in the field with this thesis in terms of both our history and fiqh since he is an Ottoman scholar and has been served in such professions related to fiqh. For this purpose, in the first chapter of this thesis, which consists of two chapters, Molla Gurānī's life, education, occupations, students, works and foundations are mentioned; In the second part, his opinions about the furu al-fiqh are cited. For this purpose, Molla Gurānī's views on Islamic jurisprudence are obtained from his tafsir Ghāyatu al-Amānī fī Tafsīrī al-Kalām al-Rabbānī and Bukhārī commentary al-Kawthar al-Jārī ala Riyādhi al-Bukhārī, and his judicial views are sorted out in accordance with modern law. It is conveyed that Molla Gurānī became a Hanafi in sources after coming to the Ottoman Empire. However, Molla Gurānī's preferring of Shafii views on some subjects and criticizing Abu Hanifa's opinions in the mentioned works draws attention. Key Words: Molla Gurānī, Shaikh al-Islam, Ottoman, fiqh.
Ottoman Empire hosted many scholars and became a knowledge centre that produced many works. Molla Gurānī is an under-researched Ottoman scholar who lived in the fifteenth century and produced works in different fields of Islamic sciences. He started his education at a young age and travelled to various places to obtain knowledge from famous scholars of the era. Molla Gurānī who came to the Ottomans through the agency of Molla Yegān, endeared himself to Murad II with his intelligence, after serving as a teacher in the significant madrasas he became the teacher of Mehmed II and encouraged his idea of conquering Constantinople. The works on Molla Gurānī who served as qadi, qadi askar and shaikh al-Islam has only limited with his mufassir and muhaddith aspects, and his fiqh aspect was not touched on in detail. It is aimed to fill a gap in the field with this thesis in terms of both our history and fiqh since he is an Ottoman scholar and has been served in such professions related to fiqh. For this purpose, in the first chapter of this thesis, which consists of two chapters, Molla Gurānī's life, education, occupations, students, works and foundations are mentioned; In the second part, his opinions about the furu al-fiqh are cited. For this purpose, Molla Gurānī's views on Islamic jurisprudence are obtained from his tafsir Ghāyatu al-Amānī fī Tafsīrī al-Kalām al-Rabbānī and Bukhārī commentary al-Kawthar al-Jārī ala Riyādhi al-Bukhārī, and his judicial views are sorted out in accordance with modern law. It is conveyed that Molla Gurānī became a Hanafi in sources after coming to the Ottoman Empire. However, Molla Gurānī's preferring of Shafii views on some subjects and criticizing Abu Hanifa's opinions in the mentioned works draws attention. Key Words: Molla Gurānī, Shaikh al-Islam, Ottoman, fiqh.
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