Publication: Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Duygu Düzenleme, Yüzden Duygu Tanıma ve Empati Becerileri İle Serum Dehidroepiandrostenedion, Dehidroepiandrostenedion Sülfat ve Allopregnanolon Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) tanılı çocukların duygu düzenleme, yüzden duygu tanıma ve empati becerileri ile serum dehidroepiandrostenedion (DHEA), dehidroepiandrostenedion sülfat (DHEA-S) ve allopregnanolon düzeylerini incelemektir. Ayrıca DEHB tanılı çocukların duygu düzenleme becerileri ile diğer parametrelerin ilişkisinin de incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza yeni tanı almış veya son altı ay içinde psikotrop ilaç kullanımı olmayan, zeka puanı 80 ve üzerinde olan, 6-10 yaş arasında prepubertal 35 DEHB tanılı çocuk ile yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 33 sağlıklı çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların duygu düzenleme becerileri Duygu Ayarlama Ölçeği (DAÖ) ile, empati becerileri Griffith empati ölçeği ve Bryant empati ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yüzden duygu tanıma becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi için Sözel Olmayan İfadelerin Tanısal Analizi (SİFTA) testi uygulanmıştır. DEHB semptom şiddeti ise ebeveyn ve öğretmen tarafından doldurulan Turgay Yıkıcı Davranış Bozuklukları Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği (YDB-TDÖ) aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. DEHB ve kontrol grubundaki katılımcıların serum DHEA, DHEA-S ve allopregnanolon düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: DEHB grubundaki çocukların kontrol grubundaki çocuklara göre DAÖ toplam puanı ve değişkenlik/olumsuzluk alt ölçek puanı ortalamaları anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. Karıştırıcı faktör olduğu düşünülen zeka puanı kontrol edildiğinde Bryant empati ölçeği puanı, Griffith empati ölçeği puanı ve SİFTA testi doğru cevap sayısı açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Gruplar arasında DHEA ve DHEA-S düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. DEHB grubunun serum allopregnanolon düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşük olarak saptanmıştır. DEHB grubunda DHEA, DHEA-S ve allopregnanolon düzeyleri ile DAÖ, Bryant ve Griffith empati ölçekleri ve SİFTA puanları arasında korelasyon saptanmamıştır. DEHB grubunda aile tarafından doldurulan YDB-TDÖ dikkatsizlik, hiperaktivite/impulsivite, karşıt olma ve davranım bozukluğu puanlarının DAÖ toplam puanı ve değişkenlik/olumsuzluk alt puanı ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği bulunmuştur. YDB-TDÖ karşıt olma ve davranım bozukluğu puanları ile Griffith empati puanı arasında ters korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür. DEHB grubunda DAÖ toplam puanı, duygu ayarlama alt puanı ve değişkenlik/olumsuzluk alt puanı ile Griffith empati puanı arasında da ters korelasyon saptanmıştır. Yapılan çoklu lineer regresyon analizinde tüm bu parametreler içinde DEHB grubundaki DAÖ toplam puanları %74 oranla YDB-TDÖ dikkatsizlik puanı, davranım bozukluğu puanı ve Griffith empati puanı ile ilişkili olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: DEHB tanılı çocuklar sağlıklı çocuklara göre daha düşük duygu düzenleme becerilerine sahiptirler. DEHB belirti şiddeti ile duygu düzenleme becerileri ilişkilidir. DEHB'de görülen duygu düzenleme becerilerindeki yetersizlik en çok artmış dikkatsizlik belirtileri, artmış davranım sorunları ve düşük empati becerileri ile ilişkilidir. DEHB tanılı çocuklar sağlıklı çocuklara göre daha düşük serum allopregnanolon düzeyine sahiptir. Allopregnanolonun DEHB etiyopatogenezinde rolü olabilir.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the skills of emotional regulation, facial emotion recognition and empathy of the children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in addition to their serum dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA), dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEA-S) and allopregnanolone levels. Also, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional regulation skills and other parameters in children with ADHD. Method: Thirty five children with ADHD who are newly diagnosed or no taking psychotropic medication in the last 6 months, with intelligence quotient score of 80 and above, 6-10 years old and prepubertal were included in the study in addition to 33 healthy children who are matched in terms of age and sex. Emotion regulation skills of the participants were evaluated with the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Empathy skills of the participants were evaluated with the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM)-parent report and the Bryant's index of empathy for children and adolescents. Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA-2) test was applied to evaluate facial emotion recognition skills. The severity of the ADHD symptoms was tested through the parents and teacher reported Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). The serum DHEA, DHEA-S and allopregnanolone levels of the participants in the ADHD and control groups were measured. Results: The total ERC scores and the lability/negativity subscale scores of the children in ADHD group were found to be significantly higher than the children in control group. When the intelligence quotient score which were thought to be confounding factor, was controlled there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the Bryant's index of empathy score and GEM score and the number of correct answers in the DANVA-2 test. There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels. The serum allopregnanolone levels of the ADHD group were found to be significantly reduced compared to the control group. In the ADHD group, there was no correlation between DHEA, DHEA-S and allopregnanolone levels and the total ERC scores, Bryant and GEM scores, and DANVA-2 scores. In the ADHD group, it was found that the scores of inattention, hyperactivity / impulsivity, oppositional behavior and conduct disorder, which belong to T-DSM-IV-S reported by parents, were positively correlated with the total ERC score, the emotion regulation subscore and the lability / negativity subscore. It was also found that T-DSM-IV-S oppositional behavior and conduct disorder scores and GEM scores are inversely correlated. In the ADHD group, an inverse correlation was found between the total ERC, the emotion regulation and the lability/negativity scores and GEM scores. In the multiple linear regression analysis, among all these parameters, the total ERC scores in the ADHD group were found to be associated with 74% of the inattention and the conduct disorder scores of T-DSM-IV-S and GEM score. Conclusion: Children diagnosed with ADHD have lower emotion regulation skills than healthy children. The severity of ADHD symptom is related to emotion regulation skills and empathy skills. The inadequacy in emotion regulation skills in ADHD is mostly associated with increased symptoms of inattention, increased conduct problems and low empathy skills. Children diagnosed with ADHD have lower serum allopregnanolone levels than healthy children. Allopregnanolone might have a role in ADHD etiopathogenesis.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the skills of emotional regulation, facial emotion recognition and empathy of the children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in addition to their serum dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA), dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEA-S) and allopregnanolone levels. Also, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional regulation skills and other parameters in children with ADHD. Method: Thirty five children with ADHD who are newly diagnosed or no taking psychotropic medication in the last 6 months, with intelligence quotient score of 80 and above, 6-10 years old and prepubertal were included in the study in addition to 33 healthy children who are matched in terms of age and sex. Emotion regulation skills of the participants were evaluated with the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Empathy skills of the participants were evaluated with the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM)-parent report and the Bryant's index of empathy for children and adolescents. Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA-2) test was applied to evaluate facial emotion recognition skills. The severity of the ADHD symptoms was tested through the parents and teacher reported Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). The serum DHEA, DHEA-S and allopregnanolone levels of the participants in the ADHD and control groups were measured. Results: The total ERC scores and the lability/negativity subscale scores of the children in ADHD group were found to be significantly higher than the children in control group. When the intelligence quotient score which were thought to be confounding factor, was controlled there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the Bryant's index of empathy score and GEM score and the number of correct answers in the DANVA-2 test. There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels. The serum allopregnanolone levels of the ADHD group were found to be significantly reduced compared to the control group. In the ADHD group, there was no correlation between DHEA, DHEA-S and allopregnanolone levels and the total ERC scores, Bryant and GEM scores, and DANVA-2 scores. In the ADHD group, it was found that the scores of inattention, hyperactivity / impulsivity, oppositional behavior and conduct disorder, which belong to T-DSM-IV-S reported by parents, were positively correlated with the total ERC score, the emotion regulation subscore and the lability / negativity subscore. It was also found that T-DSM-IV-S oppositional behavior and conduct disorder scores and GEM scores are inversely correlated. In the ADHD group, an inverse correlation was found between the total ERC, the emotion regulation and the lability/negativity scores and GEM scores. In the multiple linear regression analysis, among all these parameters, the total ERC scores in the ADHD group were found to be associated with 74% of the inattention and the conduct disorder scores of T-DSM-IV-S and GEM score. Conclusion: Children diagnosed with ADHD have lower emotion regulation skills than healthy children. The severity of ADHD symptom is related to emotion regulation skills and empathy skills. The inadequacy in emotion regulation skills in ADHD is mostly associated with increased symptoms of inattention, increased conduct problems and low empathy skills. Children diagnosed with ADHD have lower serum allopregnanolone levels than healthy children. Allopregnanolone might have a role in ADHD etiopathogenesis.
Description
Keywords
Psikiyatri, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Allopregnanolon, Dihidroepiandrostenedion, Psychiatry, Duygu Düzenleme, Child Health and Diseases, Allopregnanolone, Duygu Tanıma, Dihidroepiandrostenedion, Emotion Regulation, Empati, Emotion Recognition, Empathy, Hiperaktiviteli Dikkat Eksikliği Bozukluğu, Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
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Volume
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End Page
180
