Publication: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Pamuk Ekim Alanlarında Amaranthus Spp. Yoğunluklarının Saptanması ve Bazı Biotiplerinin Trifluraline Dayanıklılığının Araştırılması
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Pamuk, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi için önemli gelir kaynağı olan bir ürün olup 300.000 ha alanda yetiştirilmektedir. Yüksek üretim maliyetlerinden dolayı pamuk üretimi yapılan diğer bölgelerde üretim son yıllarda hızlı bir şekilde azalmıştır. Bundan dolayı bu bölgede pamuk üretim alanının yakın gelecekte iki katına çıkması beklenmektedir. Yabancı otlar pamukta kritik zararlılar olup su, ışık ve bitki besin elementleri için devamlı etkileşim halindedirler ve aynı zamanda lif verimi ve kalitesini etkileyebilmektedirler. Pamuk üretim alanlarında çok sayıda yabancı ot türü problemdir, bunun doğal sonucu olarak üreticiler mekanik ve kimyasal kontrolü içeren alternatif yöntemler kullanmaktadırlar. Aynı etki mekanizmasına sahip herbisitlerin tarımsal üretimde devamlı olarak kullanılması sonucunda yabancı otlarda herbisitlere karşı dayanıklılık olayları gerçekleşmiştir. Yabancı otlarda herbisitlere karşı oluşan dayanıklılık son yıllarda tüm dünyada görülen önemli bir olaydır. Bununla beraber dayanıklı yabancı ot biyotip sayısı günden güne artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi pamuk ekim alanlarında Amaranthus türlerinin dağılımının ve trifluraline dayanıklı Amaranthus biyotiplerinin belirlenmesidir. Bölgede 2008 yılında yürütülen sürveylerde dört Amaranthus türü belirlenmiştir. Öncelikle Mayıs-Haziran aylarında yapılan birinci sürveylerde ve Ağustos-Eylül aylarında yapılan ikinci sürveylerde yoğunluk ve rastlanma sıklığı sırasıyla A. albus 0,23 bitki/m2 - % 20,75 ve 0,59 bitki/m2 - % 32,10; A. chlorostachys 0,08 bitki/m2 - % 10,80 ve 0,35 bitki/m2 - % 27,80; A. lividus 0,02 bitki/m2 - % 2,9 ve 0,14 bitki/m2 - % 8,95; A. retroflexus 0,23 bitki/m2 - % 19,20 ve 1,01 bitki/m2 - % 47,45 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Amaranthus türlerinin ortalama yoğunluk ve rastlanma sıklığı sırasıyla I. ve II. sürveylerde 0,14 bitki/m2 - % 13,41 ve 0,52 bitki/m2 - % 29,08 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca şüpheli görülen Amaranthus spp. tohumları 366 farklı pamuk ekim alanlarından toplanmıştır. Sonra Amaranthus tohumları dayanıklı (R) ve duyarlı (S) popülasyonları tespit etmek amacıyla hızlı petri tohum testi ile testlenmiştir. Denemeler dört tekerrürlü olarak tesadüf parsellerine göre kurulmuştur. Tohumlara trifluralinin uygulama dozu olan 200 ml/da doz dört tekerrürlü olarak her petriye 10 ml gelecek şekilde uygulanmış ve petriler 25 oC'de 10 gün bekletilerek dayanıklılık durumu test edilmiştir. Dayanıklılık şüphesi taşıyan 41 popülasyona trifluralin farklı dozları 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 ve 3200 ml/da uygulanmıştır. Deneme sonucunda elde edilen verilere logistic dose-response modeli uygulanmış ve 14 popülasyonda dayanıklılık veya duyarlılık tespit edilmiştir.
Cotton is the major cash crop in the South Anatolia Region and it is grown about on 300.000 ha. The profit margins in cotton production have declined in recent years in other cotton production regions due to high production costs. Therefore cotton production area will expect to increase as much as double in this region in near future. Weeds are critical pests in cotton production that interference crop of water, light and nutrients and may adversely affect lint yield and quality. Wide ranges of weed species are trouble in cotton production area. As a result of this, producers have to use alternative weed control strategies including mechanical and chemical control. The repeated use of the same mode action herbicides in crop production has resulted in evolved weeds resistant to herbicides. Herbicide resistant weeds are a relatively recent phenomenon in all over the world. However the number of resistant weed biotypes are increasing day by day. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of Amaranthus species and trifluralin resistance Amaranthus biotypes in cotton production area of the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In this study was identified during the land surveys conducted in 2008 year four of Amaranthus species throughout the region. Firstly, it was determined respectively in the first survey in May-June and the second survey in August-September in the density and frequency of A. albus plants/m2 0.23 - 20.75% and 0.59 - 32.10%; A. chlorostachys plants/m2 0.08 - 10.80% and 0.35 - 27.80%; A. lividus plants/m2 0.02 - 2.9% and 0.14 - 8.95%; A. retroflexus plants/m2 0.23 - 19.20% and 1.01 - 47.45%. Amaranthus spp. was found respectively average in the density and frequency in the first survey plants/m2 0.14 - 13.41% and in the second survey plants/m2 0.52 - 29.08% in this region. Also, susceptible Amaranthus spp. seed samples were collected from 366 cotton fields in this area. After, a rapid petri dish seed bioassay test was applied to Amaranthus seeds in order to find the proportions of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. The seeds were treated with trifluralin at 10 ml which was correspond to (200 ml/da) as recommended field rates and put in to a growing chamber at 25 oC for ten days. Forty-one populations were found as susceptible and the dose ranges of trifluralin which applied to these populations were 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ml/da. The data obtained from these experiments were analyzed by using logistic dose response model and 14 populations resistant or susceptibility were determined.
Cotton is the major cash crop in the South Anatolia Region and it is grown about on 300.000 ha. The profit margins in cotton production have declined in recent years in other cotton production regions due to high production costs. Therefore cotton production area will expect to increase as much as double in this region in near future. Weeds are critical pests in cotton production that interference crop of water, light and nutrients and may adversely affect lint yield and quality. Wide ranges of weed species are trouble in cotton production area. As a result of this, producers have to use alternative weed control strategies including mechanical and chemical control. The repeated use of the same mode action herbicides in crop production has resulted in evolved weeds resistant to herbicides. Herbicide resistant weeds are a relatively recent phenomenon in all over the world. However the number of resistant weed biotypes are increasing day by day. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of Amaranthus species and trifluralin resistance Amaranthus biotypes in cotton production area of the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In this study was identified during the land surveys conducted in 2008 year four of Amaranthus species throughout the region. Firstly, it was determined respectively in the first survey in May-June and the second survey in August-September in the density and frequency of A. albus plants/m2 0.23 - 20.75% and 0.59 - 32.10%; A. chlorostachys plants/m2 0.08 - 10.80% and 0.35 - 27.80%; A. lividus plants/m2 0.02 - 2.9% and 0.14 - 8.95%; A. retroflexus plants/m2 0.23 - 19.20% and 1.01 - 47.45%. Amaranthus spp. was found respectively average in the density and frequency in the first survey plants/m2 0.14 - 13.41% and in the second survey plants/m2 0.52 - 29.08% in this region. Also, susceptible Amaranthus spp. seed samples were collected from 366 cotton fields in this area. After, a rapid petri dish seed bioassay test was applied to Amaranthus seeds in order to find the proportions of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. The seeds were treated with trifluralin at 10 ml which was correspond to (200 ml/da) as recommended field rates and put in to a growing chamber at 25 oC for ten days. Forty-one populations were found as susceptible and the dose ranges of trifluralin which applied to these populations were 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ml/da. The data obtained from these experiments were analyzed by using logistic dose response model and 14 populations resistant or susceptibility were determined.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2014
Libra Kayıt No: 108677
Libra Kayıt No: 108677
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