Publication: Samsun İli Tatlısularında Yaşayan Squalius Sp. Populasyonlarının Morfometrik, Genetik ve Otolit Biyometrisi Yöntemleriyle Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, Samsun ilindeki bazı tatlısu kaynaklarında yaşayan Squalius sp. populasyonlarının morfometrik, otolit biyometrisi ve moleküler özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında Abdal Çayı, Akçay, Altınkaya Baraj Gölü, Engiz Çayı, Kızılırmak Nehri, Mert Irmağı, Taşkelik Deresi, Terme Çayı, Tersakan Çayı ve Yeşilırmak Nehri'nden toplam 400 balık örneği yakalanmıştır. Yakalanan örneklerin hem morfolojik hem de genetik olarak benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları, hangi özellikler bakımından birbirlerinden ayrıldıkları, farklı lokasyonlar arasındaki tür içi varyasyonları üç farklı yöntem ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen morfometrik analizler, 13 morfometrik ölçüm değerinin %76.5 oranla populasyonların ayrımında kullanılabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Otolit şekil indeksleri ile yapılan populasyon ayrımında %25.0 (asteriskus) ve %25.5 (lapillus) oranında başarı sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Fourier analizi ile yapılan populasyon ayrımında %21.0 (asteriskus) ve %40.0 (lapillus) oranlarında başarı sağlanmıştır. Dalgacık analizi ile gerçekleştirilen populasyon ayrımında ise %36.0 (asteriskus) ve %41.0 (lapillus) başarı oranları elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen moleküler analizler sonucunda Squalius sp. türüne ait örneklerin COI gen bölgesi sekansında 652 bç'lik, cyt b gen bölgesi sekansında ise 573 bç'lik kısmı belirlenmiştir. COI gen bölgesi sekansında Squalius sp.'nin tür içi Haplotip çeşitliliği (Hd) 0.704 ve Haplotip Varyans (VHd) değeri 0.00263 olarak saptanmıştır. Cyt b gen bölgesi sekansında ise Squalius sp.'nin tür içi Haplotip çeşitliliği (Hd) 0.00115 ve Haplotip Varyans (VHd) değeri 0.544 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Morfometrik, otolit biyometrisi (şekil indeksi, Fourier analizi, dalgacık analizi) ve moleküler (mtDNA COI ve cyt b gen bölgesi) yöntemlerle elde edilen ve birbirini destekleyen bulgular, incelenen bireylerin Squalius cephalus'un farklı populasyonları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu bağlamda, elde edilen sonuçların Squalius cinsine ait türlerin sistematik karışıklığını gidermek için taksonomik revizyon çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
This study was carried out in order to determine the morphometric, otolith biometric and molecular characteristics of Squalius sp. populations living in some freshwater resources in Samsun province. As part of the study, a total of 400 fish samples were caught from Abdal Stream, Akçay Stream, Altınkaya Dam Lake, Engiz Stream, Kızılırmak River, Mert River, Taşkelik Stream, Terme Stream, Tersakan Stream, and Yeşilırmak River. The similarities and differences of the captured specimens both morphologically and genetically, the distinguishing characteristics among them, and the intraspecific variations between different locations were evaluated using three different methods. The morphometric analyses revealed that 13 morphometric measurement values can be used to differentiate populations with a rate of 76.5%. It was determined that population discrimination based on otolith shape indices achieved a success rate of 25.0% (asteriscus) and 25.5% (lapillus). However, population discrimination using Fourier analysis achieved success rates of 21.0% (asteriscus) and 40.0% (lapillus). Success rates of 36.0% (asteriskus) and 41.0% (lapillus) were obtained in population discrimination with wavelet analysis. As a result of the molecular analyses performed, a 652 bp region of the COI gene sequence and a 573 bp region of the cyt b gene sequence were determined in the samples belonging to the Squalius sp. species. In the COI gene region sequence, the intraspecific haplotype diversity (Hd) of Squalius sp. was determined to be 0.704, and the Haplotype Variance (VHd) was 0.00263. In the cyt b gene region sequence, the intraspecific Haplotype Diversity (Hd) of Squalius sp. was calculated as 0.00115, and the Haplotype Variance (VHd) was 0.544. The complementary findings obtained through morphometric analyses, otolith biometry (shape index, Fourier analysis, and wavelet analysis) and molecular methods (mtDNA COI and cyt b gene regions) revealed that the examined individuals belong to different populations of Squalius cephalus. In this context, the results obtained are expected to contribute to taxonomic revision studies aimed at resolving the systematic ambiguities within species of the genus Squalius.
This study was carried out in order to determine the morphometric, otolith biometric and molecular characteristics of Squalius sp. populations living in some freshwater resources in Samsun province. As part of the study, a total of 400 fish samples were caught from Abdal Stream, Akçay Stream, Altınkaya Dam Lake, Engiz Stream, Kızılırmak River, Mert River, Taşkelik Stream, Terme Stream, Tersakan Stream, and Yeşilırmak River. The similarities and differences of the captured specimens both morphologically and genetically, the distinguishing characteristics among them, and the intraspecific variations between different locations were evaluated using three different methods. The morphometric analyses revealed that 13 morphometric measurement values can be used to differentiate populations with a rate of 76.5%. It was determined that population discrimination based on otolith shape indices achieved a success rate of 25.0% (asteriscus) and 25.5% (lapillus). However, population discrimination using Fourier analysis achieved success rates of 21.0% (asteriscus) and 40.0% (lapillus). Success rates of 36.0% (asteriskus) and 41.0% (lapillus) were obtained in population discrimination with wavelet analysis. As a result of the molecular analyses performed, a 652 bp region of the COI gene sequence and a 573 bp region of the cyt b gene sequence were determined in the samples belonging to the Squalius sp. species. In the COI gene region sequence, the intraspecific haplotype diversity (Hd) of Squalius sp. was determined to be 0.704, and the Haplotype Variance (VHd) was 0.00263. In the cyt b gene region sequence, the intraspecific Haplotype Diversity (Hd) of Squalius sp. was calculated as 0.00115, and the Haplotype Variance (VHd) was 0.544. The complementary findings obtained through morphometric analyses, otolith biometry (shape index, Fourier analysis, and wavelet analysis) and molecular methods (mtDNA COI and cyt b gene regions) revealed that the examined individuals belong to different populations of Squalius cephalus. In this context, the results obtained are expected to contribute to taxonomic revision studies aimed at resolving the systematic ambiguities within species of the genus Squalius.
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