Publication: Malatya İli Organik Kayısı Bahçelerinde Bazı Önemli Zararlıların Populasyon Yoğunluğu ve Dalgalanmasının Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Kayısı meyvesi Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de ticari olarak üretimi yapılan önemli bir üründür. Kayısı üretiminde Malatya ili üretim miktarı ve farklı türleri ile potansiyeli yüksek bir üretim merkezi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada şeftali güvesi, tomurcuk tırtılları, elma yaprak bükeni, fidan dip kurtları, erik unlu yaprak bitleri ve meyve yazıcı böcekleri gibi kayısıda zararlı olarak literatüre geçmiş zararlıların biyolojisine bakılarak ayda iki defa Malatya ilinde yoğun bir şekilde organik kayısı üretimi yapılan Akçadağ, Doğanşehir, Kuluncak ve Yeşilyurt ilçelerindeki organik kayısı yetiştirilen bahçelerdeki zararlıların popülasyon yoğunluğunun ve dalgalanmasının takibi yapılarak zararların etkinliklerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Gidilen bu ilçeleri temsilen her ilçede belirlenen ikişer bahçede rastgele belirlenen onar ağaç seçilip gözle inceleme yöntemi ile bulaşık sürgünler, yaprak buketleri, yaprak ve çiçek buketleri, kök boğazı, bulaşık dallar, delikli dallar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. 2020 yılında Yeşilyurt ilçesindeki iki bahçede gözle inceleme sonucu şeftali güvesi ile bulaşık sürgünlere rastlanmıştır. 2019 ile 2020 yıllarında araştırmanın yürütüldüğü tüm bahçelerde gözle inceleme sonucunda meyve yazıcı böceği zararının karakteristik göstergesi olan delikli dallara rastlanmıştır. Araştırmada yer alan diğer zararlılara gözlemler sırasında rastlanılmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar ekolojik tarım uygulamalarının bahçelerde yarattığı doğal denge sayesinde yararlı böceklerin varlıklarını devam ettirebilmeleri ve zararlıları baskılayabilmeleri ile açıklanabileceği gibi ilgili yıllardaki iklim verileri ve organik tarım sertifikasyon şirketlerinin denetimi ile üretim yapılmasından kaynaklı ilgili üreticilerin üretim faaliyetlerinin ve bahçelerin kontrol altında olması ile de açıklanabilir.
Apricot is an important commercial product made of production in the world and Turkey. Malatya province has become a high potential production center in apricot production with its production amount and different types. In this study, it was aimed to examine the population density and fluctuation of apricot pests in organic apricot growing gardens by looking at the biology of pests such as Peach twig borer, bud caterpillars, apple aphids, sapling bottom worms, plum mealy aphids and shothole borer. The study was carried out twice a month in Akçadağ, Doğanşehir, Kuluncak and Yeşilyurt districts where organic apricot production is intensively produced in Malatya. Ten trees were chosen randomly in two gardens to represent these districts, and it was tried to identify infected shoots, leaf bouquets, leaf and flower bouquets, root collar, smeared branches, perforated branches by visual inspection method. In 2020, peach moth and infected shoots were found in both gardens in Yeşilyurt district as a result of visual inspection. As a result of visual inspection in all gardens where the research was conducted between 2019 and 2020, perforated branches, which are a characteristic indicator of fruit printer beetle damage, were found. Other pests in the research were not encountered during the observations. These results can be explained by the ability of beneficial insects to survive and suppress pests thanks to the natural balance created by ecological farming practices in the gardens, as well as the control of the production activities of the relevant producers and the gardens due to the control of the climate data and organic agriculture certification companies in the relevant years.
Apricot is an important commercial product made of production in the world and Turkey. Malatya province has become a high potential production center in apricot production with its production amount and different types. In this study, it was aimed to examine the population density and fluctuation of apricot pests in organic apricot growing gardens by looking at the biology of pests such as Peach twig borer, bud caterpillars, apple aphids, sapling bottom worms, plum mealy aphids and shothole borer. The study was carried out twice a month in Akçadağ, Doğanşehir, Kuluncak and Yeşilyurt districts where organic apricot production is intensively produced in Malatya. Ten trees were chosen randomly in two gardens to represent these districts, and it was tried to identify infected shoots, leaf bouquets, leaf and flower bouquets, root collar, smeared branches, perforated branches by visual inspection method. In 2020, peach moth and infected shoots were found in both gardens in Yeşilyurt district as a result of visual inspection. As a result of visual inspection in all gardens where the research was conducted between 2019 and 2020, perforated branches, which are a characteristic indicator of fruit printer beetle damage, were found. Other pests in the research were not encountered during the observations. These results can be explained by the ability of beneficial insects to survive and suppress pests thanks to the natural balance created by ecological farming practices in the gardens, as well as the control of the production activities of the relevant producers and the gardens due to the control of the climate data and organic agriculture certification companies in the relevant years.
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