Publication: Hastaneye Ayaktan Başvuran Hastaların Dijital Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Yeterlilikleri ile Sağlık Arama Davranışı Arasındaki İlişki
Abstract
Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'ne ayaktan tedavi olmak amacıyla başvuran 18 yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerin dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyleri ile sağlık arama davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışma aynı zamanda dijital sağlık okuryazarlığının artırılmasına yönelik öneriler geliştirmeye katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma, Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde en çok başvuru alan beş polikliniğinden (Göğüs Hastalıkları, İç Hastalıkları, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Göz Hastalıkları ve Kardiyoloji) gönüllü 400 katılımcı ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kıraç ve Öztürk (2021) tarafından geliştirilen 12 maddeden oluşan 'Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği' ve Zekiye Büşra İder (2023) tarafından uyarlanan 26 maddeden oluşan 'Vatandaşlar İçin Dijital Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Yeterlilikleri Ölçeği' kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Dijital Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Yeterlilikleri Ölçeği'nin Cronbach's Alpha değeri 0,953, Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği'nin ise 0,698 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizi SPSS.26 programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Kolmogorov Smirnov testi, normal dağılım sağlanamadığı durumlarda Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve post-hoc analizler ile Spearman sıra korelasyon katsayısı hesaplamalarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyi p < 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Poliklinik başvuruları ise beş poliklinik arasında eşit dağılmıştır (%20'şer). Bulgulara göre, katılımcılar sağlık sorunları karşısında öncelikle geleneksel yöntemleri (ort. 4.69) tercih etmektedir. Online arama davranışı görece düşük düzeydedir (ort. 2.85). Sağlık bilgisi okuryazarlığı yüksek düzeyde (ortalama 5.15), dijital yeterlilik ise orta düzeyde (ort. 4.29) bulunmuştur. Kadınların çevrim içi sağlık bilgisi arama davranışlarında ve dijital yeterlilik düzeylerinde erkeklere göre daha yüksek eğilim sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Yaş arttıkça çevrim içi sağlık bilgisi arama davranışlarının, sağlık bilgisi okuryazarlığının ve dijital yeterliliğin belirgin biçimde azaldığı; profesyonel arama davranışının ise yaşla birlikte arttığı görülmüştür. Eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe çevrim içi sağlık bilgisi arama ve dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı yeterlilikleri artarken, sağlık profesyonellerine başvurma eğilimi azalmaktadır. Emeklilerin çevrim içi sağlık bilgisi arama, sağlık bilgisi okuryazarlığı ve dijital yeterlilik açısından diğer meslek gruplarına göre daha düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizleri, online sağlık arama davranışı ile sağlık bilgisi okuryazarlığı ve dijital yeterlilik arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Sağlık bilgisi okuryazarlığı ve dijital yeterlilik arttıkça bireylerde online sağlık arama davranışında artış görülmekte, buna karşın profesyonel sağlık arama davranışları da azalmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, bireylerin dijital sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin ve sağlık arama davranışlarının demografik özelliklere göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ve bu alanlarda belirli gruplara yönelik destekleyici ve geliştirici müdahalelerin önemini vurgulamaktadır.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the digital health literacy levels and health-seeking behaviors of individuals aged 18 and over WHO applied for outpatient treatment at Samsun Training and Research Hospital. The study also aims to contribute to the development of recommendations to enhance digital health literacy. The research was conducted through face-to-face surveys with 400 voluntary participants selected from the five outpatient clinics receiving the highest number of patient visits at Samsun Training and Research Hospital: Pulmonology, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology. As data collection tools, the 'Health-Seeking Behavior Scale' developed by Kıraç and Öztürk (2021), consisting of 12 items, and the 'Digital Health Literacy Competency Scale for Citizens' adapted by Zekiye Büşra İder (2023), consisting of 26 items, were used. In this study, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.953 for the Digital Health Literacy Competency Scale and 0.698 for the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 software, employing descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient calculations where appropriate. The level of statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Participant distribution among the five clinics was equal (20% each). According to the findings, participants primarily preferred traditional methods (mean = 4.69) when facing health issues. Online search behavior was found to be at a relatively low level (mean = 2.85). Health literacy levels were high (mean = 5.15), while digital competence was found to be at a moderate level (mean = 4.29). It was observed that women exhibited higher tendencies in online health information-seeking behaviors and digital competence compared to men. As age increased, there was a significant decline in online health information-seeking behavior, health literacy, and digital competence, whereas professional health-seeking behavior increased with age. As the level of education increased, online health information-seeking and digital health literacy competencies also increased, while the tendency to consult health professionals decreased. Retired individuals were found to have lower levels of online health information-seeking behavior, health literacy, and digital competence compared to other occupational groups. Correlation analyses revealed a moderate positive relationship between online health-seeking behavior and both health literacy and digital competence. As individuals' health literacy and digital competence increased, so did their online health-seeking behaviors, while their reliance on professional health services tended to decrease. These results highlight that individuals' levels of digital health literacy and health-seeking behaviors differ significantly based on demographic characteristics, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions to support and improve digital health literacy in specific groups.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the digital health literacy levels and health-seeking behaviors of individuals aged 18 and over WHO applied for outpatient treatment at Samsun Training and Research Hospital. The study also aims to contribute to the development of recommendations to enhance digital health literacy. The research was conducted through face-to-face surveys with 400 voluntary participants selected from the five outpatient clinics receiving the highest number of patient visits at Samsun Training and Research Hospital: Pulmonology, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology. As data collection tools, the 'Health-Seeking Behavior Scale' developed by Kıraç and Öztürk (2021), consisting of 12 items, and the 'Digital Health Literacy Competency Scale for Citizens' adapted by Zekiye Büşra İder (2023), consisting of 26 items, were used. In this study, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.953 for the Digital Health Literacy Competency Scale and 0.698 for the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 26 software, employing descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, post-hoc analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient calculations where appropriate. The level of statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Participant distribution among the five clinics was equal (20% each). According to the findings, participants primarily preferred traditional methods (mean = 4.69) when facing health issues. Online search behavior was found to be at a relatively low level (mean = 2.85). Health literacy levels were high (mean = 5.15), while digital competence was found to be at a moderate level (mean = 4.29). It was observed that women exhibited higher tendencies in online health information-seeking behaviors and digital competence compared to men. As age increased, there was a significant decline in online health information-seeking behavior, health literacy, and digital competence, whereas professional health-seeking behavior increased with age. As the level of education increased, online health information-seeking and digital health literacy competencies also increased, while the tendency to consult health professionals decreased. Retired individuals were found to have lower levels of online health information-seeking behavior, health literacy, and digital competence compared to other occupational groups. Correlation analyses revealed a moderate positive relationship between online health-seeking behavior and both health literacy and digital competence. As individuals' health literacy and digital competence increased, so did their online health-seeking behaviors, while their reliance on professional health services tended to decrease. These results highlight that individuals' levels of digital health literacy and health-seeking behaviors differ significantly based on demographic characteristics, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions to support and improve digital health literacy in specific groups.
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