Publication: Mu`tezile Kelâmında Teklîf Anlayışı
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Teklîf kavramı, genel olarak ahlâkî bir sistemin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Her ahlâk yasası, bizi bir vazife ile yükümlü tutmaktadır. Dolayısıyla İslâm kelâmcıları da, aralarında aklî (tabiî) teklîf ve şer`î (sem`î) teklîfin mahiyeti tartışmalarına giriştiklerinde, teklîfin kaynağı, ilintileri ve sonuçlarına temas etmeye büyük bir ehemmiyet vermişlerdir.Mu`tezile kelâmcıları teklîf hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koyarken, diğer kelâmî problemleri çözümlemede kullandıkları metodu aynen uygulamışlardır. Yani kendi düşünce geleneği içerisinde tutarlı bir sisteme sahip olan Mu`tezile ekolü, teklîf meselesini, beş temel esası üzerine oturtmuş ve problemi aklî bilgileri ve verileri vahiyle destekleyerek çözümlemeye ve açıklamaya çalışmıştır.Mu`tezile'nin teklîf meselesini, bilimsel ve dinsel olmak üzere iki boyutta incelediğini söyleyebiliriz. Akıl ve nakile dayalı olan çözümlemelerinin bilimsel ve dinsel boyutu da kendi düşünce sistemleri içerisinde her hangi bir tutarsızlık arz etmemekte ve birbiriyle çelişmemektedir. Bu nedenle tezimizde ta başlangıcından beri İslâm kelâmcılarını zihnen meşgul eden, bu arada halkın da sürekli gündeminde olan ?yükümlülük? (teklîf) meselesini Mu`tezilî düşünce sistemi açısından ele almayı ve irdelemeyi tercih ettik.Çalışmalarımız boyunca, konu ile ilgili yazılmış birçok klâsik ya da çağdaş lisansüstü tez, eser ve makâleyi inceleyerek tezimizi oluşturma gayretini gösterdik. Mümkün olduğunca konu ile ilgili kaleme alınmış ve gerek Mu`tezile mezhebi, gerekse muhaliflerin görüşlerine temas eden eserlere ulaşıp onlardan faydalanmaya ve kaynakçayı zenginleştirmeye çalıştık.Anahtar Kelimeler: Teklîf, Adâlet, Hikmet, Lütuf, Ödev
The concept of obligation takes place at the center of a moral system in general. Every moral law holds us responsible for a duty. Therefore, when Islamic theologians engage in discussing the nature of rational (naturel) obligation and religious (sem?) obligation between themselves, gave great importance to contact with the source, implications and consequences of obligation.While theologians of Mu`tazila offer their views about obligation, they applied the same method that used for analyzing other theological problems. In other words, Mu`tazila school, a system consistent within its tradition, placed on the five basic and tried to explain the problem by supporting information and data with revelation.We can say that Mu`tazila has reviewed the problem of obligation from two dimentions: scientific and the religious one. Their solutions based on reason and revelation have no any inconsistency in their thinking systems no contradict with each other. For this reason, we preferred to investigate and deal with the problem of obligation which is, since the beginning, engaged the mind of Islamic theologians and, by the way, constantly on the agenda of the people, in terms of thought Mu`tazilite system.During our work, we efforted to establish our thesis by examining many classical or contemporary graduate thesis, books and articles. As much as possible, we tried to reach and to take advantage of the books written about Mu?tazilite sect and its views of opponents, and to enrich the bibliography.Key Words: Obligation, Justice, Wisdom, Duty, Favor
The concept of obligation takes place at the center of a moral system in general. Every moral law holds us responsible for a duty. Therefore, when Islamic theologians engage in discussing the nature of rational (naturel) obligation and religious (sem?) obligation between themselves, gave great importance to contact with the source, implications and consequences of obligation.While theologians of Mu`tazila offer their views about obligation, they applied the same method that used for analyzing other theological problems. In other words, Mu`tazila school, a system consistent within its tradition, placed on the five basic and tried to explain the problem by supporting information and data with revelation.We can say that Mu`tazila has reviewed the problem of obligation from two dimentions: scientific and the religious one. Their solutions based on reason and revelation have no any inconsistency in their thinking systems no contradict with each other. For this reason, we preferred to investigate and deal with the problem of obligation which is, since the beginning, engaged the mind of Islamic theologians and, by the way, constantly on the agenda of the people, in terms of thought Mu`tazilite system.During our work, we efforted to establish our thesis by examining many classical or contemporary graduate thesis, books and articles. As much as possible, we tried to reach and to take advantage of the books written about Mu?tazilite sect and its views of opponents, and to enrich the bibliography.Key Words: Obligation, Justice, Wisdom, Duty, Favor
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2011
Libra Kayıt No: 77618
Libra Kayıt No: 77618
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