Eculizumab-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: The First Pediatric Case Report in the Literature

Abstract

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a severe mucocutaneous disease that frequently arises in response to medications and is rarely observed. To our knowledge, we report the first pediatric case of SJS induced by Eculizumab, documenting the potential risks associated with this treatment in children and making a significant contribution to the medical literature. A three-year old male patient diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and treated with Eculizumab exhibited classical symptoms of SJS shortly after receiving his fourth dose. These symptoms included severe oral and labial ulcers, conjunctival hyperemia, and extensive erythematous macular rashes. Initial laboratory tests revealed an abnormal white blood cell count and elevated inflammatory markers, with a subsequent skin biopsy confirming SJS. Immediate initiation of intravenous steroid therapy resulted in substantial improvement in the patient. This report underscores the critical importance of early recognition and management of SJS, particularly in pediatric patients receiving monoclonal antibody therapy. The key lessons highlight the need for healthcare providers to remain vigilant about this rare but potentially fatal adverse effect, and to promptly discontinue treatment and intervene effectively to improve patient outcomes. (c) 2025 Socie<acute accent>te<acute accent> franc,aise d'allergologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.