Publication: Keten Tohumu Unu Kullanılarak Fonksiyonel Gıda Niteliği Kazandırılan Sığır Eti Köftelerinin Bazı Özellikleri
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Bu araştırmada, keten tohumu unu kullanılarak üretilen çiğ ve pişmiş sığır eti köftelerinin kimyasal bileşim, enerji değeri, pH değeri, pişirme kaybı, yağ asitleri bileşimi, renk değeri ve duyusal özellikleri incelenmiştir.Araştırmada materyal olarak sığır eti kıyması, sığır eti yağı ve keten tohumu unu kullanılmıştır. Deneme köftelerin yapımında kullanılan sığır eti kıyması 7 gruba ayrılmış, 2. grubun yağ oranı %20'ye, diğer gruplarınki ise %10'a ayarlanmıştır. Araştırmada 1. ve 2. gruplar kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmış, 3. gruba %3, 4. gruba %6, 5. gruba %9, 6. gruba %12 ve 7. gruba %15 oranında keten tohumu unu ilave edilmiştir. Ayrıca her bir gruba %1.5 tuz ve %1 sarımsak katılmıştır. Hazırlanan karışımlar, homojen hale gelinceye kadar yoğrulmuş ve 40 g ağırlığında olacak şekilde köfteye işlenmiştir. Bu şekilde hazırlanan her bir gruba ait köfteler çiğ ve pişirildikten sonra analiz edilmiştir. Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.Keten tohumu unu ilavesi çiğ ve pişmiş sığır eti köftelerinin protein miktarını azaltırken, kuru madde, kül ve karbonhidrat miktarlarını artırmıştır. Keten tohumu unu ilaveli pişmiş örneklerin yağ miktarları arasındaki farklar ise önemli olmamıştır. Pişirme işleminin bir sonucu olarak tüm gruplarda kuru madde, protein, kül ve tuz oranları artmıştır.Keten tohumu unu ilavesi çiğ ve pişmiş sığır eti köftelerinin pH değerini etkilemezken, ürünlerin pişirme kaybını azaltmış, enerji değerini ise artırmıştır. Çiğ sığır eti köftelerinin L, a ve b değerleri de keten tohumu unu ilavesinden etkilenmiştir. Pişirme işleminin bir sonucu olarak tüm gruplarda L, a ve b değerleri azalmıştır.Keten tohumu unu ilavesi çiğ ve pişmiş sığır eti köftelerinin ?SFA miktarlarını azaltırken, ?PUFA miktarlarını artırmıştır. Çiğ kontrollerde 0.04-0.05 olan PUFA/SFA oranı, keten tohumu unu ilaveli örneklerde 0.13-0.62'ye yükselmiştir. Pişmiş kontrollerde %0.43-0.51 olan ?-linolenik asit miktarları, keten tohumu unu ilavesiyle artmış ve %15 keten tohumu unu ilaveli köftelerde %5.37' ye yükselmiştir. Sığır eti köftelerinde en yüksek n-6/n-3 oranı çiğ kontrol örneklerinde belirlenmiş ve keten tohumu unu ilavesi bu oranı azaltmıştır.Köftelere keten tohumu unu ilavesi ile görünüş, lezzet, gevreklik, sululuk ve genel kabul edilebilirlik puanları azalmıştır. Duyusal puanların aritmetik ortalaması olarak değerlendirilen genel kabul edilebilirlik puanlarındaki azalma özellikle %6' dan fazla keten tohumu unu ilavesinden sonra daha da belirgin olmuştur.Bu sonuçlar, sığır eti köftelerine besin değerini artırmak ve daha sağlıklı hale getirmek amacıyla %6' ya kadar keten tohumu unu ilave edilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
In this study, proximate composition, energy values, pH, cooking loss, fatty acid profiles, color parameters and sensory properties of raw and cooked beef patties produced with flaxseed flour were analyzed.Ground beef, beef fat and flaxseed flour were used as raw materials. Ground beef used for production of beef patties was divided into 7 batches, second batches were adjusted to a fat content of 20% and other batches were adjusted to a fat content of 10%. First and second batches were used as control, 3% flaxseed flour for 3rd batch; 6% flaxseed flour for 4th batch; 9% flaxseed flour for 5th batch; 12% flaxseed flour for 6th batch; 15% flaxseed flour for 7th batch was added. In addition, 1.5% salt and 1% garlic were added to each batch. Each formulation were mixed, weighed into 40 g portions and shaped by hand. Each batches were divided into two groups, first group was analysed as raw and the second was analysed after cooked. The study was repeated three times.Dry matter, ash, and carbohydrate contents of raw and cooked beef patties increased, while protein content decreased with increased flaxseed flour. The difference between fat contents of cooked samples with flaxseed flour was not important. As a consequence of cooking, dry matter, protein, ash and salt contents increased in all formulations.The addition of flaxseed flour did not affect pH values of raw and cooked beef patties but, reduced the cooking loss of product and increased the energy value. L, a and b values of raw beef patties were affected by the addition of flaxseed flour. As a consequence of cooking L, a and b values decreased in all formulations.As the flaxseed flour level increased, ?SFA contents of raw and cooked beef patties decreased but, ?PUFA contents increased. The PUFA/SFA ratio increased from 0.04-0.05 in the controls to 0.13-0.62 in the raw beef patties with flaxseed flour. ?-linolenic acid contents increased from 0.43-0.51% in cooked controls to 5.37% in the patties with 15% flaxseed flour. the highest n-6/n-3 ratios of beef patties were determined in raw control beef patties and as the flaxseed flour level increased this ratio decreased. Appearance, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability scores of beef patties decreased as the flaxseed content increased and overall acceptability scores, the mean value of sensory scores, decreased higher after more than 6% flaxseed flour addition.These results show that up to 6% flaxseed flour can be used in beef patties to enhance to the nutritive value and obtain healthier products.
In this study, proximate composition, energy values, pH, cooking loss, fatty acid profiles, color parameters and sensory properties of raw and cooked beef patties produced with flaxseed flour were analyzed.Ground beef, beef fat and flaxseed flour were used as raw materials. Ground beef used for production of beef patties was divided into 7 batches, second batches were adjusted to a fat content of 20% and other batches were adjusted to a fat content of 10%. First and second batches were used as control, 3% flaxseed flour for 3rd batch; 6% flaxseed flour for 4th batch; 9% flaxseed flour for 5th batch; 12% flaxseed flour for 6th batch; 15% flaxseed flour for 7th batch was added. In addition, 1.5% salt and 1% garlic were added to each batch. Each formulation were mixed, weighed into 40 g portions and shaped by hand. Each batches were divided into two groups, first group was analysed as raw and the second was analysed after cooked. The study was repeated three times.Dry matter, ash, and carbohydrate contents of raw and cooked beef patties increased, while protein content decreased with increased flaxseed flour. The difference between fat contents of cooked samples with flaxseed flour was not important. As a consequence of cooking, dry matter, protein, ash and salt contents increased in all formulations.The addition of flaxseed flour did not affect pH values of raw and cooked beef patties but, reduced the cooking loss of product and increased the energy value. L, a and b values of raw beef patties were affected by the addition of flaxseed flour. As a consequence of cooking L, a and b values decreased in all formulations.As the flaxseed flour level increased, ?SFA contents of raw and cooked beef patties decreased but, ?PUFA contents increased. The PUFA/SFA ratio increased from 0.04-0.05 in the controls to 0.13-0.62 in the raw beef patties with flaxseed flour. ?-linolenic acid contents increased from 0.43-0.51% in cooked controls to 5.37% in the patties with 15% flaxseed flour. the highest n-6/n-3 ratios of beef patties were determined in raw control beef patties and as the flaxseed flour level increased this ratio decreased. Appearance, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability scores of beef patties decreased as the flaxseed content increased and overall acceptability scores, the mean value of sensory scores, decreased higher after more than 6% flaxseed flour addition.These results show that up to 6% flaxseed flour can be used in beef patties to enhance to the nutritive value and obtain healthier products.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2009
Libra Kayıt No: 64934
Libra Kayıt No: 64934
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