Publication: Bel Ağrılı Hastalarda Uyku Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler
Abstract
Bu çalışma, bel ağrısının bireylerin uyku kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini ve uyku kalitesini etkileyen diğer faktörleri değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, bel ağrısının bireylerin uyku kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak, bu etkilerin biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutlarını incelemek ve uyku kalitesini iyileştirmeye yönelik öneriler geliştirmek, bel ağrısının uyku üzerindeki etkisinde yaş, cinsiyet, meslek, ilaç kullanımı, kronik hastalıklar gibi faktörlerin rolünü incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Bu gözlemsel, analitik, kesitsel türdeki araştırma 15 Ocak 2025 – 15 Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Araştırmaya 18 yaş üzerinde olan, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Anabilim dalı, Algoloji polikliniğine başvuran 150 hasta ve kontrol grubu için bel ağrısı şikayeti olmayan 150 sağlıklı gönüllüden oluşmak üzere toplam 300 kişi dahil edildi. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak oluşturulan kişilere ait sosyodemografik özellikler anketi, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ), Sayısal Derecelendirme Ölçeği (NRS), Oswestry Özürlülük Skalası (Oswestry İndeks) ve Nöropatik Ağrı Tanı Anketi (DN4) kullanılarak oluşturuldu. Hasta grubunun yaş ortalaması 54,96±12,29 yıl, kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 48,78±10,52 yıl olarak bulundu. Ayrıca hasta grup ve kontrol grubu arasında, BKİ, ek hastalık, cinsiyet ve meslek dağılımı açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Bel ağrısı olan hastalarda PUKİ skoru 10,21±4,38 iken, kontrol grubundan (3,98±1,17) anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Bel ağrısı olan hastalarda kadınlarda PUKİ skoru (10,65±5,32), erkeklerden (9,43±1,65) yüksek iken, kontrol grubunda erkeklerde (4,02±1,19) PUKİ skoru kadınlardan (3,95±1,16) çok az yüksek olup ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Hasta grubunda NRS hareket ağrı ortalaması 8,91± 0,81, istirahat ağrı ortalaması 4,40±1,39, ağrı süresi ortalaması 56,78±57,32 ay, Oswestry indeks skoru ortalaması 61,34±14,30 ve DN4 skoru 4,38±2,65 bulundu. Bel ağrısı olan hastalarda PUKİ ile Oswestry indeks skoru (r=0,69), NRS aktivite (r=0,69), NRS istirahat (r=0,67), ağrı süresi (r=0,67), DN4 puanı (r=0,49), operasyon sayısı (r=0,44), yaş (r=0,21) ve BKİ (r=0,15) arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p<0,001). Hasta grupta bel ağrısı için ilaç kullanma, lomber operasyon olma durumu, nöropatik ağrı ve kronik ağrı varlığına göre PUKİ skorları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Bel ağrısı olan hastalarda uyku kalitesinin sağlıklı kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak kötü uyku kalitesine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bel ağrısı uyku bozukluğuna yol açar ve uyku kalitesini düşürür. Kötü uykuya sahip uyumada zorluk çeken bel ağrısı olan bireylerin, ertesi gün fiziksel aktivitelerininin azalması, günlük rutin işlerin yapılamaması ve hatta işe gidememe gibi durumlar nedeniyle mutlaka bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmeli ve kişiye uygun tedavi planlaması yapılmalıdır.
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of low back pain on individuals' sleep quality and other factors affecting sleep quality. Furthermore, the study aimed to understand the effects of low back pain on sleep quality, examine its biological, psychological, and social dimensions, develop recommendations to improve sleep quality, and investigate the role of factors such as age, gender, occupation, medication use, and chronic diseases in the impact of low back pain on sleep. This observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted between January 15, 2025, and May 15, 2025. The study included a total of 300 individuals: 150 patients over the age of 18 who applied to the Algology outpatient clinic of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, and 150 healthy volunteers without complaints of low back pain as the control group. The data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire prepared by the researchers based on a literature review, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index, and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire. The mean age of the patient group was 54.96±12.29 years, and the mean age of the control group was 48.78±10.52 years. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of BMI, comorbidities, gender, and occupational distribution (p>0.05). The PSQI score in patients with low back pain was found to be significantly higher (10.21±4.38) than in the control group (3.98±1.17) (p<0.001). Among patients with low back pain, the PSQI score was higher in females (10.65±5.32) compared to males (9.43±1.65), whereas in the control group, males had a slightly higher PSQI score (4.02±1.19) than females (3.95±1.16), but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the patient group, the mean NRS movement pain score was 8.91±0.81, resting pain score was 4.40±1.39, mean pain duration was 56.78±57.32 months, mean Oswestry index score was 61.34±14.30, and DN4 score was 4.38±2.65. A positive correlation was found between PSQI and Oswestry index score (r=0.69), NRS activity (r=0.69), NRS resting (r=0.67), pain duration (r=0.67), DN4 score (r=0.49), number of surgeries (r=0.44), age (r=0.21), and BMI (r=0.15) in patients with low back pain (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in PSQI scores according to medication use, history of lumbar surgery, presence of neuropathic pain, or chronic pain in the patient group (p>0.05). It was determined that patients with low back pain had significantly poorer sleep quality than the healthy control group. Low back pain leads to sleep disorders and reduces sleep quality. Individuals with low back pain who experience difficulty sleeping and poor sleep quality should be holistically evaluated due to the potential for reduced physical activity, inability to perform daily tasks, and even absence from work the following day. An individualized treatment plan should be developed.
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of low back pain on individuals' sleep quality and other factors affecting sleep quality. Furthermore, the study aimed to understand the effects of low back pain on sleep quality, examine its biological, psychological, and social dimensions, develop recommendations to improve sleep quality, and investigate the role of factors such as age, gender, occupation, medication use, and chronic diseases in the impact of low back pain on sleep. This observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted between January 15, 2025, and May 15, 2025. The study included a total of 300 individuals: 150 patients over the age of 18 who applied to the Algology outpatient clinic of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, and 150 healthy volunteers without complaints of low back pain as the control group. The data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire prepared by the researchers based on a literature review, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index, and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire. The mean age of the patient group was 54.96±12.29 years, and the mean age of the control group was 48.78±10.52 years. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of BMI, comorbidities, gender, and occupational distribution (p>0.05). The PSQI score in patients with low back pain was found to be significantly higher (10.21±4.38) than in the control group (3.98±1.17) (p<0.001). Among patients with low back pain, the PSQI score was higher in females (10.65±5.32) compared to males (9.43±1.65), whereas in the control group, males had a slightly higher PSQI score (4.02±1.19) than females (3.95±1.16), but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the patient group, the mean NRS movement pain score was 8.91±0.81, resting pain score was 4.40±1.39, mean pain duration was 56.78±57.32 months, mean Oswestry index score was 61.34±14.30, and DN4 score was 4.38±2.65. A positive correlation was found between PSQI and Oswestry index score (r=0.69), NRS activity (r=0.69), NRS resting (r=0.67), pain duration (r=0.67), DN4 score (r=0.49), number of surgeries (r=0.44), age (r=0.21), and BMI (r=0.15) in patients with low back pain (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in PSQI scores according to medication use, history of lumbar surgery, presence of neuropathic pain, or chronic pain in the patient group (p>0.05). It was determined that patients with low back pain had significantly poorer sleep quality than the healthy control group. Low back pain leads to sleep disorders and reduces sleep quality. Individuals with low back pain who experience difficulty sleeping and poor sleep quality should be holistically evaluated due to the potential for reduced physical activity, inability to perform daily tasks, and even absence from work the following day. An individualized treatment plan should be developed.
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