Publication: Glutensiz Tarhana Üretiminde Kinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa) Kullanımı
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Bu çalışmada geleneksel gıdamız olan tarhana üretiminde alışılmış buğday unu yerine, ülkemizde kullanımı yaygın olmayan ve son yıllarda tanınmaya başlayan kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) unu kullanılarak hem yüksek besinsel içeriğinden faydalanmak hem de çölyak hastalarının diyetlerine uygun, glutsensiz tarhana üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla kinoa öğütülüp un haline getirilerek farklı oranda (% 20, 40, 60, 80 ve 100) kinoa içeren, mısır unu ile ikame edilen ve kinoa katılmadan (kontrol grubu) 3 tekrarlı 18 adet tarhana üretilmiştir.Fermantasyondan sonra kurutulan tarhanalarda bazı fiziksel (renk, su tutma kapasitesi, köpüklenme kapasitesi ve viskozite analizi), kimyasal (Kurumadde, pH, Toplam asitliğin belirlenmesi, protein, yağ, kül ve aminoasit analizi), antioksidan özelliklerin belirlenmesi ve duyusal analizler yapılmış ve kinoa unu ilave seviyelerinin, tarhana örneklerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kinoa oranı arttıkça pH değerinin yükseldiği ve % asitlik değerinin düştüğü, fermantasyon süresine bağlı olarak ise asitlik değerinin arttığı ve pH'nın düştüğü görülmektedir. Kinoa oranı arttıkça aydınlık (L) değerlerinde çok önemli değişiklik olmadığı, kırmızılık (a) ve sarılık (b) değerlerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Fermantasyon süresince ise her üç parametrenin de (L, a ve b) azaldığı kaydedilmiştir. Kinoa oranı arttıkça su tutma kapasitesi azalırken köpüklenme kapasitesinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Tarhana örneklerinde kinoa oranının artışına bağlı olarak protein, yağ ve kül miktarlarının arttığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). Kuru tarhana örneklerinde yapılan kurumadde analizine göre hiçbir örneğin kritik nem seviyesi (% 10) üzerine çıkmadığı belirlenmiştir. %20, 40, 60, 80 kinoa içeren örneklerde kurumadde miktarlarında önemli bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05), %0 (kontrol grubu) ile %100 kinoa içeren örneklerde farklılık önemlidir (p<0.05). Tarhanaların toplam fenolik, flavanoid ve antioksidan aktivite değerleri incelendiğinde kinoa oranı arttıkça değerlerin yükseldiği saptanmıştır (p<0.05). En yüksek değerler %100 kinoa içeren örneklerde kaydedilmiştir. Kinoa oranının artışı aminoasit miktarlarının önemli düzeyde artışını sağlamıştır (p<0.05). Aspartik asit, glutamik asit, serin, histidin, glisin, alanin, tirosin, metiyonin, fenilalanin, izolösin, treonin, valin, triptofan ve lisin aminoasitlerinin miktarları kinoa oranı artışı ile artmıştır. Yapılan duyusal değerlendirmede tüm örneklerde koku ve renk çok iyi olarak değerlendirilirken tat, kıvam ve genel kabul edilebilirlik iyi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre en iyi örneklerin %100 ve %80 kinoa içerenler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
In this study, instead of conventional wheat flour in the production of tarhana, which is a traditional food, it is aimed to utilize quinoa which is not widely used in our country and has been recognized in recent years. It has nutritional benefits and can produce gluten-free tarhana suitable for celiac patients' diets. For this purpose, quinoa was milled into flour and 3 repeats of 18 samples were produced in different ratios (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), with quinoa, substituted with corn flour and without quinoa (control group). In dried tarhana after fermentation some physical (color, water holding capacity, foaming capacity and viscosity analysis) and chemical analysis (total solids, pH, determining the total acidity, protein, fat, ash and amino acids analysis) besides the antioxidant properties determination and also some sensorial analysis were done to evaluate the effect of addition of quinoa in tarhana samples. According to the obtained results, it is seen that as the quinoa ratio increases, the pH value increases but the acidity value decreases and the acidity value increases and pH decreases in parallel with the fermentation time. As the quinoa ratio increased, there was no significant change in the lightness (L) values, and the values of redness (a) and yellowness (b) decreased. During the fermentation period, all three parameters (L, a and b) were decreased. It has been determined that the foam capacity increases when the water holding capacity decreases as the quinoa ratio increases. Protein, fat and ash content increased with increasing of quinoa ratio in tarhana samples (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the samples containing 20, 40, 60 and 80% quinoa samples (p>0.05) and the difference between in samples with 0% and 100% quinoa samples was significant (p<0.05). When the total phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant values of tarhana were examined, it was found that the values increased with increasing quinoa sample (p<0.05). The highest values were recorded in sample with 100% quinoa case. The increase in the ratio of quinoa significantly affected the amounts of amino acids (p<0.05). Amounts of amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine were increased by increasing the ratio of quinoa. The taste, consistency and general acceptability of the sensory evaluation were evaluated as good and also the smell and color were evaluated as good in all samples. According to the results of overall acceptability samples containing 80 and 100% quinoa was determined to be the best samples.
In this study, instead of conventional wheat flour in the production of tarhana, which is a traditional food, it is aimed to utilize quinoa which is not widely used in our country and has been recognized in recent years. It has nutritional benefits and can produce gluten-free tarhana suitable for celiac patients' diets. For this purpose, quinoa was milled into flour and 3 repeats of 18 samples were produced in different ratios (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), with quinoa, substituted with corn flour and without quinoa (control group). In dried tarhana after fermentation some physical (color, water holding capacity, foaming capacity and viscosity analysis) and chemical analysis (total solids, pH, determining the total acidity, protein, fat, ash and amino acids analysis) besides the antioxidant properties determination and also some sensorial analysis were done to evaluate the effect of addition of quinoa in tarhana samples. According to the obtained results, it is seen that as the quinoa ratio increases, the pH value increases but the acidity value decreases and the acidity value increases and pH decreases in parallel with the fermentation time. As the quinoa ratio increased, there was no significant change in the lightness (L) values, and the values of redness (a) and yellowness (b) decreased. During the fermentation period, all three parameters (L, a and b) were decreased. It has been determined that the foam capacity increases when the water holding capacity decreases as the quinoa ratio increases. Protein, fat and ash content increased with increasing of quinoa ratio in tarhana samples (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the samples containing 20, 40, 60 and 80% quinoa samples (p>0.05) and the difference between in samples with 0% and 100% quinoa samples was significant (p<0.05). When the total phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant values of tarhana were examined, it was found that the values increased with increasing quinoa sample (p<0.05). The highest values were recorded in sample with 100% quinoa case. The increase in the ratio of quinoa significantly affected the amounts of amino acids (p<0.05). Amounts of amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine were increased by increasing the ratio of quinoa. The taste, consistency and general acceptability of the sensory evaluation were evaluated as good and also the smell and color were evaluated as good in all samples. According to the results of overall acceptability samples containing 80 and 100% quinoa was determined to be the best samples.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2017
Libra Kayıt No: 120040
Libra Kayıt No: 120040
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