Publication: 'El-Keşşâf' ve 'El-Mîzân' Adlı Tefsirlerin Kur'an İlimleri Açısından Mukâyesesi
Abstract
Kur'ân'ın her dönemde anlaşılması, dini hayatın şekillenmesi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Böylece her dönemde Kur'ân yeniden tefsir edilmiştir. İlk dönem yapılan Kur'ân tefsirleri daha sonraki dönemlerde yazılan tefsirlere kaynak olmuştur. Bu açıdan önceki dönemlerde telif edilen tefsirlerle sonraki dönemlerde yapılan tefsirlerin usul ve muhteva açısından incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda Mu'tezile âlimlerinden Zemahşerî'nin el-Keşşâf adlı tefsiri ile modern dönem Şiî müelliflerinden Tabâtabâî'nin el-Mîzân adlı tefsiri, Kur'ân ilimleri açısından mukâyese edilmektedir. Zemahşerî ve Tabâtabâî farklı dönemlerde yaşamış iki önemli müfessirdir. Zemahşerî Mu'tezile ekolüne mensup bir âlim olarak önemli eserler veren, Tabâtabâî ise Îran'da şiî kültürle yetişmiş bir âlimdir. Her iki âlim de yaşadığı dönemde, muâsırlarına göre tefsir alanında farklı metodla öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmamız beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde; araştırmanın konusu, problem durumu, araştırmanın önemi ve amacı, araştırmanın sınırı ve yöntemi, araştırmanın kaynakları ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde; literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde; her iki müfessirin hayatları, eserleri, yaşadıkları sosyokültürel çevre, tefsirlerinin kaynakları ve tefsirdeki metodları incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde; araştırmamızın ana eksenini oluşturan, el-Keşşâf ve el-Mîzân tefsirleri Kur'ân ilimleri açısından incelenmiş, müfessirlerin görüşleri Ulûmü'lKur'ân'dan on beş başlık ekseninde mukayese edilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde ise; sonuç ve değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde her iki tefsir, benzerlik-karşıtlık açısından irdelenmiş, tespit edilen bulgular yansıtılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; iki farklı mezhebe mensup müfessirlere ait tefsirlerde, Kur'ân ilimlerine bakış açılarındaki nükteleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bunun yanında her iki müfessire ait tefsir çalışmalarında, mezhepsel bakış açılarının eserlere ne ölçüde yansıdığını tespit etmektir. Sonuç; yapılan çalışma neticesinde Zemahşerî ve Tabâtabâî'nin ulûmu'lKur'ân'a yaklaşımlarının benzerlik arz ettiği ve genellikle konuya yaklaşımlarının mezhep taassubu ile olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Understanding the Qur'an is very important for forming the religious life. Tafsir is the best way both for understanding the Qur'an properly and to convey its message to the people. Therefore, The Qur'an is re-interpreted again and again all the time. The Tafsir of Qur'an was written in the earlier periods and it had provided fundamental to the ongoing ones. In this respect, it is important to examine the Tafsirs that was published in previous times and latter times in terms of the method and content. For this reason, we will compare Al-Kashshâf which was written by 'Zemakhshari', who was one of the Mu'tazila scholars, and Al-Mizan which was written by one of the modern Şiite writers ,who is 'Tabâtabâî', in the context of classical-modern comparisons. Zemakhshari and Tabâtabâî are two important mufessirs that lived in two different eras. Zemakhshari writed important books as a Mu'tazila scholar, on the other side Tabâtabâî had grown up in shia culture. Both scholars came up with different methods than other scholars during their era. Our study consists of 5 parts. In the introduction part; the topic of the research, state of problem, the importance of the research and its purpose, the boundaries of the research and its methods and the sources of this research were discussed. In the second part; literature review was done. In the third part; the sociocultural environment in which al-Zamakhshari and Tabâtabâî lived, their lives, works and their Tafsirs in terms of methods and sources were discussed. In the fourth part; the commentaries of both commentators, Al-Kashshâf and Al-Mîzan, are examined in terms of Qur'anic sciences, which is the backbone of our research, and the commentaries of them were compared according to 15 titles in Ulûmü'l-Kur'ân. In the fifth part; the study is summarized and discussed. In addition, during the research process, both commentaries were examined in terms of similarity and contrast, and the opposite findings were reflected. The purpose of this research is to discover the wits of the Tafsirs, written by 2 scholars that belong to different sects. The other purpose is to determine how much their sectarian perspective affected their tafsirs. Result; as a consequence of the research, Similarities between Zemahşerî and Tabâtabâi's approach to ulûmu'l-Qur'ân has been identified and it has generally been identified that their approach to the subject is not related with their secterian zealotr
Understanding the Qur'an is very important for forming the religious life. Tafsir is the best way both for understanding the Qur'an properly and to convey its message to the people. Therefore, The Qur'an is re-interpreted again and again all the time. The Tafsir of Qur'an was written in the earlier periods and it had provided fundamental to the ongoing ones. In this respect, it is important to examine the Tafsirs that was published in previous times and latter times in terms of the method and content. For this reason, we will compare Al-Kashshâf which was written by 'Zemakhshari', who was one of the Mu'tazila scholars, and Al-Mizan which was written by one of the modern Şiite writers ,who is 'Tabâtabâî', in the context of classical-modern comparisons. Zemakhshari and Tabâtabâî are two important mufessirs that lived in two different eras. Zemakhshari writed important books as a Mu'tazila scholar, on the other side Tabâtabâî had grown up in shia culture. Both scholars came up with different methods than other scholars during their era. Our study consists of 5 parts. In the introduction part; the topic of the research, state of problem, the importance of the research and its purpose, the boundaries of the research and its methods and the sources of this research were discussed. In the second part; literature review was done. In the third part; the sociocultural environment in which al-Zamakhshari and Tabâtabâî lived, their lives, works and their Tafsirs in terms of methods and sources were discussed. In the fourth part; the commentaries of both commentators, Al-Kashshâf and Al-Mîzan, are examined in terms of Qur'anic sciences, which is the backbone of our research, and the commentaries of them were compared according to 15 titles in Ulûmü'l-Kur'ân. In the fifth part; the study is summarized and discussed. In addition, during the research process, both commentaries were examined in terms of similarity and contrast, and the opposite findings were reflected. The purpose of this research is to discover the wits of the Tafsirs, written by 2 scholars that belong to different sects. The other purpose is to determine how much their sectarian perspective affected their tafsirs. Result; as a consequence of the research, Similarities between Zemahşerî and Tabâtabâi's approach to ulûmu'l-Qur'ân has been identified and it has generally been identified that their approach to the subject is not related with their secterian zealotr
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