Publication: Safiyyüddin El-hillî'nin Hayatı Eserleri ve Arap Dili ve Edebiyatındaki Yeri
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Arap edebiyatı tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip şairlerden biri olan Ṣafiyyüddin el-Ḥillî'nin (ö. 749/1348) hayatı, eserleri ve Arap dili ve edebiyatındaki yeri incelenmiştir. Irak'ta doğan el-Ḥillî hem nesir hem de nazım konusunda yazmış olmakla birlikte daha çok manzum eserleri ile tanınmıştır. Çoğunlukla seyahat ettiği bölgelerdeki devlet yöneticilerine yazdığı methiyeleri, hem kendi zamanında hem de sonraki zamanlarda biçimsel ve sanatsal olarak geniş ölçüde kabul görüp takdir edilmiştir. Arap edebiyatında methiye türüne bazı yenilikler getiren şair, bu alanda daha ziyade her beyitinde en az bir bedii sanatı icra ettiği Hz. Peygamber'i (s.a.v.) methetmek için yazdığı el-Kâfiyetü'l-Bedîʿiyye isimli methiyesi ile tanınmıştır. Nesirde ve nazımda kullanılan ifadelerin lafız bakımından kusursuz olması ve mana bakımından da mükemmel olması için kullanılan edebi sanatlar anlamındaki bedii sanatlar, Câhiliye Dönemi'nden beri Arap edebiyatında kullanılagelmiştir. Bedîiyyât türünde ilk defa kimin şiir yazdığı tartışma konusu olmakla birlikte yapılan araştırmalar bu türde yazılan ilk şiirin Ṣafiyyüddin el-Ḥillî'ye ait olduğunu göstermektedir. Bir süre doğup büyüdüğü Ḥille'de akrabalarıyla yaşayan el-Ḥillî, Irak topraklarında yaşanan karışıklıklardan çok etkilenmiş, ayrıca düşman kabilelerle yaşanan çatışmalara katılıp bizzat savaşmıştır. İlk şiirlerini burada yazan şair daha sonra hem can güvenliği hem de sakin ve huzurlu bir hayat yaşamak için o zamanın en güvenli yerlerinden biri olan Mardin'e yerleşmiştir. Kısa zamanda o dönem Mardin ve Diyarbakır bölgesine hâkim olan Artuklu Devleti'nin yöneticileri ile sağlam ve samimi ilişkiler kurarak onlara Artuḳiyyât diye anılacak olan methiyeler yazmıştır. Mısır, Şam, Hama, Halep, Musul ve Bağdat gibi bölgelere ticaret yapmak maksadıyla seyahatler yapan şair, Hac ibadeti için Hicaz'a da gitmiştir. Şairin yaptığı seyahatler, yaşadığı maddi ve manevi zorluklar ve çektiği sıkıntılar onun edebi yönünün güçlenmesine, özellikle de şiirde ve methiye türünde çok değerli eserler meydana getirmesine vesile olmuştur.
In this study the life, works and place of Safi al-Din al-Hilli (d. 749/1348), one of the poets with an important place in the history of Arabic literature, in Arabic Language and Literature were examined. Although al-Hilli, who was born in Iraq, wrote in both prose and verse, he is mostly known for his works in verse. His eulogies, which he mostly wrote to the state administrators in the regions he traveled to, were widely accepted and appreciated both formally and artistically, both in his own time and in later times. The poet, who brought some innovations to the eulogy genre in Arabic literature, is more concerned with the Prophet Mohammad, in whom he performs at least one artistic art in each couplet. He is known for his eulogy named al-Kafiya al-Badiiyya which he wrote to praise the Prophet (pbuh). Al-Hilli, who lived with his relatives in Hilla for a while, participated in the conflicts with enemy tribes and fought, and he wrote his first poems in this environment. The poet then settled in Mardin, one of the safest places of the time, for safety and to live a calm and peaceful life. In a short time, he established sincere relations with the rulers of the Artukians State, which dominated the Mardin and Diyarbakır regions, and wrote eulogies to them, which were called Artukiyyat. The poet, who traveled to regions such as Egypt, Damascus, Hama, Aleppo, Mosul and Baghdad for the purpose of trade, also went to Hejaz for Hajj. The travels he made throughout his life, the material and spiritual difficulties he experienced and the troubles he suffered helped him strengthen his literary skills and create valuable works, especially in poetry and eulogy.
In this study the life, works and place of Safi al-Din al-Hilli (d. 749/1348), one of the poets with an important place in the history of Arabic literature, in Arabic Language and Literature were examined. Although al-Hilli, who was born in Iraq, wrote in both prose and verse, he is mostly known for his works in verse. His eulogies, which he mostly wrote to the state administrators in the regions he traveled to, were widely accepted and appreciated both formally and artistically, both in his own time and in later times. The poet, who brought some innovations to the eulogy genre in Arabic literature, is more concerned with the Prophet Mohammad, in whom he performs at least one artistic art in each couplet. He is known for his eulogy named al-Kafiya al-Badiiyya which he wrote to praise the Prophet (pbuh). Al-Hilli, who lived with his relatives in Hilla for a while, participated in the conflicts with enemy tribes and fought, and he wrote his first poems in this environment. The poet then settled in Mardin, one of the safest places of the time, for safety and to live a calm and peaceful life. In a short time, he established sincere relations with the rulers of the Artukians State, which dominated the Mardin and Diyarbakır regions, and wrote eulogies to them, which were called Artukiyyat. The poet, who traveled to regions such as Egypt, Damascus, Hama, Aleppo, Mosul and Baghdad for the purpose of trade, also went to Hejaz for Hajj. The travels he made throughout his life, the material and spiritual difficulties he experienced and the troubles he suffered helped him strengthen his literary skills and create valuable works, especially in poetry and eulogy.
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