Publication: Akçaabat Köftesinin Üretim Tekniği ve Özellikleri
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Bu araştırmada, Akçaabat köftesinin üretim tekniği ile bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Köfte örnekleri, Ocak, Nisan ve Temmuz 2011 dönemlerinde Trabzon ve Samsun illerindeki beş farklı işletmeden alınmıştır. Akçaabat köftesinin üretim tekniği işletme sahipleri ile görüşülerek tespit edilmiştir. 750 g olacak şekilde alınan örnekler, laboratuvara getirilmiş ve nem, protein, yağ, kül, tuz, karbonhidrat, pH, renk, su tutma kapasitesi, pişirme kaybı, yağ asidi bileşimi ve tekstür profil analizine tabi tutulmuştur.Akçaabat köftesinin üretim tekniği iller ve işletmeler arasında genellikle benzerlik göstermiştir. Köfte örneklerinin nem ve yağ miktarları üzerine illerin, protein miktarları üzerine il ve Trabzon iline ait işletmelerin ve kül miktarları üzerine de Samsun iline ait işletmelerin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Köfte örneklerinin ortalama nem miktarları %44.65-57.28, protein miktarları %13.61-16.64, yağ miktarları %18.63-24.51, kül miktarları %1.64-2.60 ve tuz miktarları %1.08-2.04 arasında belirlenmiştir.Köfte örneklerinin pH değerleri üzerine Trabzon ve Samsun iline ait örnek alma dönemlerinin, pişirme kaybı değerleri üzerine Trabzon iline ait işletmelerin, L değerleri üzerine illerin, a değerleri üzerine iller ve Samsun iline ait işletmelerin, b değerleri üzerine iller ve Trabzon iline ait örnek alma dönemlerinin ve su tutma kapasitesi üzerine de Trabzon iline ait örnek alma dönemlerinin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Akçaabat köftesi örneklerinin ortalama pH, L, a ve b değerleri ile su tutma kapasitesi ve pişirme kaybı değerleri sırasıyla 5.30-5.63, 39.10-45.65, 6.19-10.35, 10.22-11.19, %93.17-97.39 ve %24.69-33.66 arasında saptanmıştır.Akçaabat köftesi örneklerinin sertliği üzerine iller ve Samsun iline ait işletmelerin, çiğnenebilirliği üzerine de iller ve Trabzon iline ait örnek alma dönemlerinin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Samsun iline ait işletmelerden alınan köftelerin sertlik ortalamaları 101.57 ile 187.42 N arasında, Trabzon iline ait işletmelerden alınan köftelerin sertlik ortalamaları ise 72.48 ile 100.09 N arasında tespit edilmiştir. Köfte örneklerinin çiğnenebilirlik ortalamaları 9.18 ile 23.94 N.cm arasında değişmiştir.Akçaabat köftesi örneklerinin ÇDYA miktarları üzerine Samsun iline ait işletmelerin, ÇDYA/DYA oranları üzerine iller ve Samsun iline ait işletmelerin ve n-6/n-3 oranları üzerine de illerin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Samsun iline ait işletmelerin ÇDYA ortalamaları %2.57 ile %3.67 arasında, ÇDYA/DYA oranları ise 0.047 ile 0.067 arasında değişmiştir. n-6/n-3 oranları Trabzon iline ait işletmelerde ortalama 12.37, Samsun iline ait işletmelerde ise ortalama 16.67 olarak belirlenmiştir.Bu sonuçlar incelenen Akçaabat köftesi örneklerinin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler açısından farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum Trabzon ve Samsun illerindeki Akçaabat köftesi üreten işletmelerin yılın değişik dönemlerinde üretimde kullandıkları hammadde ve katkı maddelerini standardize etmeleri gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
In this research, the production technique, and some physical and chemical properties of Akçaabat meatballs were investigated. Meatball samples were collected from five different plants in Trabzon and Samsun in January 2011, April 2011 and July 2011. The production technique of Akçaabat meatballs was identified by having an interview with plant employers. Each sample, 750 g, was transported to the laboratory and analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, salt, carbohydrate, pH, color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, fatty acids composition and texture profile.The production techniques of Akçaabat meatballs were generally similar among the provinces and plants. The effect of provinces on moisture and fat, effect of provinces and plants in Trabzon on protein and effect of plants in Samsun on ash were significant (P<0.05). The average moisture content of samples ranged from 44.65-57.28%, the average protein content of samples ranged from 13.61-16.64%, the average fat content of samples were determined between 18.63-24.51%, the average ash content of samples were determined between 1.64-2.60% and the average salt content of samples were determined between 1.08-2.04%.The effect of sampling periods of Trabzon and Samsun on pH values, effect of plants in Trabzon on cooking loss, effect of provinces on L values, effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on a values, effect of provinces and effect of sampling periods of Trabzon on b values, and effect of sampling periods of Trabzon on water holding capacity were significant (P<0.05). The average values of pH, L, a and b values, water holding capacity and cooking loss of samples were respectively determined as between 5.30-5.63, 39.10-45.65, 6.19-10.35, 10.22-11.19, 93.17-97.39% and 24.69-33.66%.The effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on hardness were significant (P<0.05), while the effect of provinces and sampling periods of Trabzon on chewiness were significant (P<0.05). Samples collected from plants in Samsun and Trabzon have an average hardness between 101.57-187.42 N and 72.48-100.09 N, respectively. Akçaabat meatballs collected in different periods from Trabzon have an average chewiness between 9.18-23.94 N.cm.The effect of plants in Samsun on PUFA content of meatballs, the effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on PUFA/SFA ratio and the effect of provinces on n-6/n-3 ratio were significant (P<0.05). PUFA contents of samples collected from plants in Samsun ranged from 2.57-3.67% and the average PUFA/SFA ratio ranged from 0.047-0.067. n-6/n-3 ratios of samples from plants in Trabzon and Samsun were determined as 12.37 and 16.67, respectively.These studies have proved that Akçaabat meatballs have differences in terms of some physical and chemical properties. This situation asserts that the plants producing Akçaabat meatballs in both Trabzon and Samsun are required to standardize their raw materials and additives used in production during various periods of the year.
In this research, the production technique, and some physical and chemical properties of Akçaabat meatballs were investigated. Meatball samples were collected from five different plants in Trabzon and Samsun in January 2011, April 2011 and July 2011. The production technique of Akçaabat meatballs was identified by having an interview with plant employers. Each sample, 750 g, was transported to the laboratory and analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, salt, carbohydrate, pH, color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, fatty acids composition and texture profile.The production techniques of Akçaabat meatballs were generally similar among the provinces and plants. The effect of provinces on moisture and fat, effect of provinces and plants in Trabzon on protein and effect of plants in Samsun on ash were significant (P<0.05). The average moisture content of samples ranged from 44.65-57.28%, the average protein content of samples ranged from 13.61-16.64%, the average fat content of samples were determined between 18.63-24.51%, the average ash content of samples were determined between 1.64-2.60% and the average salt content of samples were determined between 1.08-2.04%.The effect of sampling periods of Trabzon and Samsun on pH values, effect of plants in Trabzon on cooking loss, effect of provinces on L values, effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on a values, effect of provinces and effect of sampling periods of Trabzon on b values, and effect of sampling periods of Trabzon on water holding capacity were significant (P<0.05). The average values of pH, L, a and b values, water holding capacity and cooking loss of samples were respectively determined as between 5.30-5.63, 39.10-45.65, 6.19-10.35, 10.22-11.19, 93.17-97.39% and 24.69-33.66%.The effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on hardness were significant (P<0.05), while the effect of provinces and sampling periods of Trabzon on chewiness were significant (P<0.05). Samples collected from plants in Samsun and Trabzon have an average hardness between 101.57-187.42 N and 72.48-100.09 N, respectively. Akçaabat meatballs collected in different periods from Trabzon have an average chewiness between 9.18-23.94 N.cm.The effect of plants in Samsun on PUFA content of meatballs, the effect of provinces and plants in Samsun on PUFA/SFA ratio and the effect of provinces on n-6/n-3 ratio were significant (P<0.05). PUFA contents of samples collected from plants in Samsun ranged from 2.57-3.67% and the average PUFA/SFA ratio ranged from 0.047-0.067. n-6/n-3 ratios of samples from plants in Trabzon and Samsun were determined as 12.37 and 16.67, respectively.These studies have proved that Akçaabat meatballs have differences in terms of some physical and chemical properties. This situation asserts that the plants producing Akçaabat meatballs in both Trabzon and Samsun are required to standardize their raw materials and additives used in production during various periods of the year.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2012
Libra Kayıt No: 71833
Libra Kayıt No: 71833
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