Publication: Farklı Karakterler Yönünde Islah Edilmiş Kafkas Arısı (Apis Mellifera Caucasica) ve Karadeniz Bal Arısı Genotipinin Karşılıklı Melezlerinde Heterosis Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma ile hijyen davranışı yönünde 5. generasyona kadar seleksiyon uygulanmış ve homozigotluğu sağlamak üzere kendileme (inbreeding) yapılmış hijyenik Kafkas arısı (K) (Apis mellifera caucasica) ile aynı şekilde hijyen davranışı yönünde iki generasyon seleksiyon uygulanmış Karadeniz Bal Arısı (KR) genotipini oluşturan ikişer hatta ait koloniler (K1, K2, KR1, KR2) arası karşılıklı melezlemeyle yaşama gücü, koloni populasyon gelişimi, bal verimi, kışlama yeteneği, uçuş etkinliği, hırçınlık ve hijyenik davranış karakteri gibi fizyolojik ve davranış özelliklerinde oluşabilecek heterosisin (melez azmanlığı) belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda melez bireyin yüksek verimli ebeveyn hattına ait ortalamadan gösterdiği sapmayı ifade eden Faydalı Heterosis hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yaşama gücü için %-14.29 (K1XKR1) ile %25.00 (K1XKR2, KR2XK1), kışlama yeteneği için %-27.77 (K1XKR1) ile %31.25 (KR1XK2), koloni populasyon gelişimi için %-21.43 (K1XKR1) ile %19.12 (K2XKR2), hırçınlık için %-84.24 (KR2XK1) ile %120.64 (K1XKR1), uçuş etkinliği için %-12.24 (K1XK2) ile %21.55 (KR1XK1), bal verimi için %-29.76 (K1XKR1) ile %50.52(KR2XK1) ve hijyen davranışı için %-14.77 (KR1XK2) ile %7.89 (KR2XK1) aralığında heterosis oluşumu tespit edilmiştir. Hibrit ve saf hatlar arasında fizyolojik ve davranış özelliklerine ilişkin yapılan analizlerde uçuş etkinliği ve hijyenik davranış karakterleri haricinde gruplar arası farklılıklar önemli (p<0.05) bulunmuştur.
In this study, the hygienic Caucasian bee (K) (Apis mellifera caucasica), which was selected for hygiene behavior until the 5th generation and was inbred to ensure homozygosity, and the Black Sea Honey Bee (KR) genotype, which was also subjected to two generations of selection for hygiene behavior, were examined. It was aimed to determine the heterosis that may occur in physiological and behavioral characteristics such as viability, colony population development, honey yield, wintering ability, flight efficiency, pugnaciousness and hygienic behavior character by crossbreeding between colonies of two lines (K1, K2, KR1, KR2). For this purpose, heterosis, which expresses the deviation of the hybrid individual from the average of the high-yielding parental line, was calculated. According to the findings, the values are heterosis formation was detected between -14.29% (K1XKR1) to 25.00% (K1XKR2, KR2XK1) for viability, -27.77% (K1XKR1) to 31.25% (KR1XK2) for wintering ability, -21.43% (K1XKR1) to 19.12% (K2XKR2) for colony population development, -84.24% (KR2XK1) to 120.64% (K1XKR1) for pugnaciousness, -12.24% (K1XK2) to % 21.55% (KR1XK1) for flight efficiency, - 29.76% (K1XKR1) and 50.52% (KR2XK1) for honey yield, and -14.77% (KR1XK2) and 7.89% (KR2XK1) for hygiene behavior. In the analysis of physiological and behavioral characteristics between hybrid and pure lines, differences between groups were found to be significant (p<0.05), except for flight efficiency and hygienic behavior characters.
In this study, the hygienic Caucasian bee (K) (Apis mellifera caucasica), which was selected for hygiene behavior until the 5th generation and was inbred to ensure homozygosity, and the Black Sea Honey Bee (KR) genotype, which was also subjected to two generations of selection for hygiene behavior, were examined. It was aimed to determine the heterosis that may occur in physiological and behavioral characteristics such as viability, colony population development, honey yield, wintering ability, flight efficiency, pugnaciousness and hygienic behavior character by crossbreeding between colonies of two lines (K1, K2, KR1, KR2). For this purpose, heterosis, which expresses the deviation of the hybrid individual from the average of the high-yielding parental line, was calculated. According to the findings, the values are heterosis formation was detected between -14.29% (K1XKR1) to 25.00% (K1XKR2, KR2XK1) for viability, -27.77% (K1XKR1) to 31.25% (KR1XK2) for wintering ability, -21.43% (K1XKR1) to 19.12% (K2XKR2) for colony population development, -84.24% (KR2XK1) to 120.64% (K1XKR1) for pugnaciousness, -12.24% (K1XK2) to % 21.55% (KR1XK1) for flight efficiency, - 29.76% (K1XKR1) and 50.52% (KR2XK1) for honey yield, and -14.77% (KR1XK2) and 7.89% (KR2XK1) for hygiene behavior. In the analysis of physiological and behavioral characteristics between hybrid and pure lines, differences between groups were found to be significant (p<0.05), except for flight efficiency and hygienic behavior characters.
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