Publication: Samsun İlinde Kadının Kırsal Kalkınmada Yeri ve Önemi
Abstract
Sürdürülebilir bir kalkınma içerisinde ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel pek çok unsuru barındırmakla beraber kentsel ve kırsal alanların birlikte kalkındırılmasını da içermektedir. Dünya genelinde öncelikli alanlar olarak belirlenen kırsal alanların kalkındırılması için yürütülen program ve politikaların başarıyla ilerleyebilmesi, kırsal topluluklarda yaşayan ve kırsal kalkınmaya hemen hemen her aşamada katkı sağlayan kadınlara bağlıdır. Bu nedenle kadınların kırsal kalkınmadaki yeri ve öneminin tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Samsun ilinde kadının kırsal kalkınmada yeri ve öneminin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ana materyalini, Samsun ili kırsal alanlarda yaşayan, basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş 431 kadın ile yapılan anket çalışması oluşturmuştur. Samsun ili kırsal alanlarında yaşayan kadınların bitkisel ve hayvansal üretim faaliyeti sonuunda ürettikleri ürünlerin satışını yaparak, hane içi kararlarda aktif rol oynayarak, gıda güvenliğine katkıda bulunarak, çocukların eğitimine yön vererek kırsal kalkınmaya doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların meslekleri, kooperatif üyelikleri ve sosyo-ekonomik özelliklerinin kırsal kalkınmaya doğrudan katılmaları üzerinde etkili olan faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiş; eğitim düzeyleri, kaynaklara erişim düzeyleri, çalıştıkları sektörlerin ve kararlara katılmalarının ise gelir düzeylerini etkileyen faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bölgesindeki kadınların sosyal güvence, kaynak ve kredi olanaklarına erişim, düşük gelir düzeyi ve eğitim seviyesi gibi birtakım sorunlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların güçlendirilmesi ve kırsal kalkınmadaki etkilerini arttırabilmek için eğitim, kredi olanakları ve yasal düzenlemeler aracılığıyla ve bizzat kadınlarla iş birliği halinde olarak katılımcı kırsal kalkınma politikalarının uygulanması gerekmektedir. Kadınların güçlendirilmesi ve desteklenmesi, kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir kırsal büyümenin sağlanmasına dolayısıyla da kırsal toplumun yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
Sustainable development includes many economic, social, cultural, cultural and environmental elements and the joint development of urban and rural areas. The success of the programs and policies for developing rural areas, which are identified as priority areas worldwide, depends on women living in rural communities and contributing to rural development at almost every stage. Therefore, it is essential to identify the place and importance of women in rural development. This study aims to determine the place and importance of women in rural development in Samsun province. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for this purpose. The main material of the research was a survey conducted with 431 women living in rural areas of Samsun province, who were determined by a simple random sampling method. It has been determined that women living in rural areas of Samsun province contribute directly and indirectly to rural development by producing crops and animals, selling the products they produce, playing an active role in household decisions, ensuring food security, and contributing to children's education. Women's occupations, cooperative memberships and socio-economic characteristics were found to be factors affecting their direct participation in rural development, while their level of education, access to resources, the sectors in which they work and their participation in decisions were found to be factors affecting their income levels. It was found that women in the study area have several problems, such as social security, access to resources and credit facilities, low-income level and education level. In order to empower women and increase their influence in rural development, participatory rural development policies need to be implemented in collaboration with women through training, credit facilities and legislation. Empowering and supporting women will contribute to achieving inclusive and sustainable rural growth and, in turn, to improving the quality of life of rural communities.
Sustainable development includes many economic, social, cultural, cultural and environmental elements and the joint development of urban and rural areas. The success of the programs and policies for developing rural areas, which are identified as priority areas worldwide, depends on women living in rural communities and contributing to rural development at almost every stage. Therefore, it is essential to identify the place and importance of women in rural development. This study aims to determine the place and importance of women in rural development in Samsun province. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for this purpose. The main material of the research was a survey conducted with 431 women living in rural areas of Samsun province, who were determined by a simple random sampling method. It has been determined that women living in rural areas of Samsun province contribute directly and indirectly to rural development by producing crops and animals, selling the products they produce, playing an active role in household decisions, ensuring food security, and contributing to children's education. Women's occupations, cooperative memberships and socio-economic characteristics were found to be factors affecting their direct participation in rural development, while their level of education, access to resources, the sectors in which they work and their participation in decisions were found to be factors affecting their income levels. It was found that women in the study area have several problems, such as social security, access to resources and credit facilities, low-income level and education level. In order to empower women and increase their influence in rural development, participatory rural development policies need to be implemented in collaboration with women through training, credit facilities and legislation. Empowering and supporting women will contribute to achieving inclusive and sustainable rural growth and, in turn, to improving the quality of life of rural communities.
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