Publication: Parkinson Hastalarında Uygulanan Derin Beyin Stimülasyonu Cerrahisinin Beyin Çekirdeklerinin Hacimlerine Etkisi
Abstract
Parkinson hastalığı, substantia nigra'da dopaminerjik nöronların kaybı sebebiyle gelişen ve hareket bozuklukları kapsamına alınan nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın tedavisinde farmakoterapinin yanında uygun hastalarda derin beyin stimülasyonu cerrahisi de yer almaktadır. Parkinson cerrahisi, beynin belirli bölgelerine elektrik uyarısı gönderilmesi amacıyla elektrot implante edilmesi esasına dayanır. Elektrot implante edilmesi hususunda hedef genellikle subtalamik çekirdektir. Literatürde parkinson hastalarında ve sağlıklı bireylerde beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme kullanılarak beyin çekirdekleri hacim ölçülmesi yapılan çalışmalar mevcuttur; fakat güncel literatürde parkinson hastalarında derin beyin stimülasyonu cerrahisi sonrası hacim ölçümü yapılan çalışma mevcut değildir. Çalışmamızda parkinson hastalığında subtalamik nükleus-derin beyin stimülasyonu cerrahisi yapılan hastaları, preoperatif ve postoperatif dönemde total beyin, serebellum, globus pallidus eksternus, globus pallidus internus, subtalamik nükleus, substantia nigra ve red nükleus hacimlerini manyetik rezonans görüntüleme tabanlı 3D Slicer, ITK-SNAP ve volBrain programlarını kullanarak karşılaştırmalı olarak ölçtük. Hastalarda preoperatif dönemdeki total beyin hacminin, postoperatif dönemde azaldığını tespit ettik. Subtalamik nükleus hacminin total beyin hacmine oranında ve substantia nigra hacminin total beyin hacmine oranında preoperatif döneme kıyasla postoperatif dönemde artış olduğunu tespit ettik. Globus pallidus eksternus hacminin total beyin hacmine oranında da aynı şekilde postoperatif dönemde, preoperatif dönemdekine kıyasla azalma olduğunu tespit ettik. Parkinson hastalığının patofizyolojisinin karmaşıklığına rağmen literatür ve çalışma sonuçlarımız ışığında, derin beyin stimülasyonu uygulamalarının parkinson hastalarının motor semptomları üzerine olan iyileştirici etkisinin subtalamik nükleus ve substantia nigra hacimlerini artırarak yaptığı hipotezini geliştirdik. Anahtar Sözcükler: Parkinson Hastalığı, Derin Beyin Stimülasyonu, Hacim, Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme, Subtalamik Nükleus, Substantia Nigra, Red Nükleus, Globus Pallidus Eksternus, Globus Pallidus İnternus
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that develops due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is classified as a movement disorder. In addition to pharmacotherapy, deep brain stimulation is also used in appropriate patients fort his surgery. Deep brain stimulation is based on implanting electrodes to send electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain. The target for electrode implantation is usually the subthalamic nucleus. In the literature, there are studies in parkinson's patients and healthy individuals using brain magnetic resonance imaging to measure the volume of brain nuclei; however, there are no studies in the current literature that measured the volume after deep brain stimulation in parkinson's patients. In this study, we comparatively measured the total brain, cerebellum, external globus pallidus, internal globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus volumes of patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in parkinson's disease in the preoperative and postoperative periods using magnetic resonance imaging-based 3D Slicer, ITK-SNAP and volBrain method. We found that the total brain volume in the preoperative period decreased in the postoperative period. We found that the ratio of subthalamic nucleus volume to total brain volume and the ratio of substantia nigra volume to total brain volume increased in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period. We also found that the ratio of external globus pallidus volume to total brain volume decreased in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period. Despite the complexity of the pathophysiology of parkinson's disease, in the light of the literature and this study results, we hypothesized that the ameliorative effect of deep brain stimulation applications on the motor symptoms of parkinson's patients is by increasing the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra volumes. Key Words: Parkinson's Disease, Deep Brain Stimulation, Volume, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Subthalamic Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, Red Nucleus, External Globus Pallidus, Internal Globus Pallidus
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that develops due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is classified as a movement disorder. In addition to pharmacotherapy, deep brain stimulation is also used in appropriate patients fort his surgery. Deep brain stimulation is based on implanting electrodes to send electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain. The target for electrode implantation is usually the subthalamic nucleus. In the literature, there are studies in parkinson's patients and healthy individuals using brain magnetic resonance imaging to measure the volume of brain nuclei; however, there are no studies in the current literature that measured the volume after deep brain stimulation in parkinson's patients. In this study, we comparatively measured the total brain, cerebellum, external globus pallidus, internal globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus volumes of patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in parkinson's disease in the preoperative and postoperative periods using magnetic resonance imaging-based 3D Slicer, ITK-SNAP and volBrain method. We found that the total brain volume in the preoperative period decreased in the postoperative period. We found that the ratio of subthalamic nucleus volume to total brain volume and the ratio of substantia nigra volume to total brain volume increased in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period. We also found that the ratio of external globus pallidus volume to total brain volume decreased in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period. Despite the complexity of the pathophysiology of parkinson's disease, in the light of the literature and this study results, we hypothesized that the ameliorative effect of deep brain stimulation applications on the motor symptoms of parkinson's patients is by increasing the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra volumes. Key Words: Parkinson's Disease, Deep Brain Stimulation, Volume, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Subthalamic Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, Red Nucleus, External Globus Pallidus, Internal Globus Pallidus
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