Publication: Akçaabat Yöresindeki Osmanlı Dönemi Mezar Taşları
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Akçaabat Yöresindeki Osmanlı Dönemi Mezar Taşları? isimli Yüksek Lisans tez çalışmamızda Akçaabat ilçe merkezinde yer alan Mezarlık Camii ve Belediye Camii hazirelerinde yer alan toplam 91 mezar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca 3 örnekte (17, 44, 52) Cumhuriyet dönemine ait olup, benzer özellikler yansıtması ve mezar taşı geleneğindeki değişiklikleri fark edebilmemiz açısından çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir. Bunlardan 60'ı erkeklere aitken, 31'i kadınlara ait mezar taşıdır. Örnek mezar taşlarından 91 tanesinde baş, 31 tanesinde hem baş hem ayak taşı bulunmuştur.Örneklerden 7 tanesi sembolik lahit, 5 tanesi çerçeveli, 58 tanesi toprak mezardır.Erkek mezar taşlarında gövdelerine göre 3 farklı grup tespit edilmiştir. İlk grup 34 başlıklı, dikdörtgen kesitli ve düşey dikdörtgen gövdeli mezar taşlarını içerir. İkinci grup 2 tane başlıklı, kareye yakın dikdörtgen kesitli ve düşey dikdörtgen gövdeli mezar taşlarını içerir.Üçüncü grup 6 tane silindirik gövdeli mezar taşını içerir.Kadın mezar taşlarında başlıklarına göre 3 farklı grup tespit edilmiştir.İlk grup 9 tane başlıklı dikdörtgen kesitli ve düşey dikdörtgen gövdeli mezar taşlarını içerir. İkinci grup 10 tane bitkisel tepelikli, dikdörtgen kesitli ve düşey dikdörtgen gövdeli mezar taşlarını içerir. Üçüncü grup, 9 adet alınlıklı, dikdörtgen kesitli ve düşey dikdörtgen gövdeli mezar taşını içerir. 10 örneğin ise başlık kısmı kırıktır.Mezar taşlarında bitkisel motif olarak 25 örnekte gül, 9 örnekte lale, 4 örnekte mine, 8 örnekte gonca, 1 örnekte karanfil, 2 örnekte kır çiçeği, 2 örnekte küpe çiçeği, 7 örnekte palmet, 1 örnekte çiçek başı, 14 örnekte kıvrık dal, 16 örnekte gül dalı,2 örnekte hurma ağacı, 11 örnekte asma, 10 örnekte meyve, 12 örnekte kenger yaprağı, 20 örnekte soyut yaprak motiflerine yer verilmiştir.Nesneli motif olarak 19 vazo, 3 gerdanlık, 9 kurdele, 3 perde, 1 meyve tabağı motifi kullanılmıştır. 1 örnekte ay ve yıldız, 8 örnekte de sütunçe motifi vardır.İncelediğimiz örneklerden 2'sinde taş, 89'unda mermer malzeme kullanılmıştır. 8 tanesi oyma 83 tanesi kabartma tekniği ile yapılmıştır.Mezar taşlarından 1 tanesinde rik'a, 6 tanesi nes-talik, 22 tanesi talik, 61 tanesi ise sülüs hatla yazılmıştır.Mezar taşlarının 1 tanesi hariç geneli mermer malzeme ile yapılmış İstanbul üsluplu örneklerdir. Bunlar İstanbul'da yapılarak Anadolu'ya gönderilmiştir. Mezar taşlarında 18. yüzyıldan itibaren batı etkileriyle birlikte görülen motif ve üslup değişimleri Akçaabat Mezar Taşlarında da fark edilebilir.Anahtar Sözcükler:1. Mezarlık2. Mezar Taşları3. Mezarlık Camii4. Motifler5. Malzeme
In our master thesis called ?Ottoman Period Tombstones in Akçaabat?, the tombstones in Mezarlık Mosque,Akçaabat, and 91 tombstones in the environment of the Municipality Mosques have been examined. In addition, 3 examples from the Republican Period have been included into our thesis in order you to be able to notice the similar characteristics they reflect and the changes they have in the tradition of tombsones. While 60 of them belong to men, 31 of them belong to women. 91 tombstones have been found at the grave's head ends but only 31 of them have been found at the both sides of the tombstone.7 of the samples are symbolic sarcophaguses; 5 of them are framed and 58 of them are soil graves.According to the stems of the men's tombstones, 3 different types have been determined. The first group which includes 34 samples have head-like tops, rectangular-shaped bodies, and vertical rectangular-shaped body. The second group which includes 2 samples have head-like tops, rectangular-shaped stems which are almost square,and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The final third group includes 6 cylindrical stems.According to the women's top of the tombsones 3 different types have been determined. The first group includes head-like tops, rectangular-shaped and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The second group includes 10 head-like tops with vegetal motives, rectangular-shaped and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The final third group includes 9 facaded, rectangular-shaped and rectangular-shaped stems. The tops of the 10 tombstones are broken.Of the vegetal motives found on the tombsrones 25 samples show roses; 9 samples show tulips; 4 samples show enamels; 8 samples show buds; 1 sample shows carnation; 2 samples show wildflowers; 2 sample shows fushsias; 7 samples show palmettes; 1 sample shows a flower's blossom only; 14 samples show curled branches; 16 samples show vines, 2 sample shows fruit tree; 12 samples show acanthus; 20 samples show abstract leaf motives.Of the tombstones which haveobjects as a motive, 19 samples show vases; 3 samples show neckalces, 9 samples show ribbons; 3 samples show curtains; 1 sample shows fruit tree. There is also a sample that shows moon and star and 8 samples that show column motives.Among the samples we examined, in 2 tombstones,stone materials were used. Besides, 8 of them were made by engraving technique; 83 of them were made by enchasing tecnique.1 sample of the tombstones was written in 'Rickha', 6 samples in Nes-Taliq,and 22 in Taliq and 61 samples in Thuluthcaligraphy.Except for one tombstone, the sample tombstones were generally made of marble materials in İstanbul style. They were made in İstanbul and sent to Anatolia. The changes in motive and style in the tombstones beginning from the eighteenth century can also be noticed in Akçaabat Tombstones.Key Words1. Graveyard2. Tombstones3. Mezarlık Mosque4. Motives5. Materials
In our master thesis called ?Ottoman Period Tombstones in Akçaabat?, the tombstones in Mezarlık Mosque,Akçaabat, and 91 tombstones in the environment of the Municipality Mosques have been examined. In addition, 3 examples from the Republican Period have been included into our thesis in order you to be able to notice the similar characteristics they reflect and the changes they have in the tradition of tombsones. While 60 of them belong to men, 31 of them belong to women. 91 tombstones have been found at the grave's head ends but only 31 of them have been found at the both sides of the tombstone.7 of the samples are symbolic sarcophaguses; 5 of them are framed and 58 of them are soil graves.According to the stems of the men's tombstones, 3 different types have been determined. The first group which includes 34 samples have head-like tops, rectangular-shaped bodies, and vertical rectangular-shaped body. The second group which includes 2 samples have head-like tops, rectangular-shaped stems which are almost square,and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The final third group includes 6 cylindrical stems.According to the women's top of the tombsones 3 different types have been determined. The first group includes head-like tops, rectangular-shaped and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The second group includes 10 head-like tops with vegetal motives, rectangular-shaped and vertical rectangular-shaped stems. The final third group includes 9 facaded, rectangular-shaped and rectangular-shaped stems. The tops of the 10 tombstones are broken.Of the vegetal motives found on the tombsrones 25 samples show roses; 9 samples show tulips; 4 samples show enamels; 8 samples show buds; 1 sample shows carnation; 2 samples show wildflowers; 2 sample shows fushsias; 7 samples show palmettes; 1 sample shows a flower's blossom only; 14 samples show curled branches; 16 samples show vines, 2 sample shows fruit tree; 12 samples show acanthus; 20 samples show abstract leaf motives.Of the tombstones which haveobjects as a motive, 19 samples show vases; 3 samples show neckalces, 9 samples show ribbons; 3 samples show curtains; 1 sample shows fruit tree. There is also a sample that shows moon and star and 8 samples that show column motives.Among the samples we examined, in 2 tombstones,stone materials were used. Besides, 8 of them were made by engraving technique; 83 of them were made by enchasing tecnique.1 sample of the tombstones was written in 'Rickha', 6 samples in Nes-Taliq,and 22 in Taliq and 61 samples in Thuluthcaligraphy.Except for one tombstone, the sample tombstones were generally made of marble materials in İstanbul style. They were made in İstanbul and sent to Anatolia. The changes in motive and style in the tombstones beginning from the eighteenth century can also be noticed in Akçaabat Tombstones.Key Words1. Graveyard2. Tombstones3. Mezarlık Mosque4. Motives5. Materials
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2010
Libra Kayıt No: 77603
Libra Kayıt No: 77603
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