Assessment of Genetic Diversity on Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Landraces Using SSR Molecular Markers in Turkey

Abstract

Genetic diversity is getting have been increasingly narrowed by the dense bred cultivar usage for production, on the other hand, genetic variation created by the landraces is known as the raw material of plant breeding. A collection of 21-landrace and three-commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were screened for allele profile, genetic definition and genetic similarity with the aim of identifying genetic variability in genetic level with 40 SSR loci. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 (SSR50, SSR80, SSR9, LEtat002) to 13 (LEat018). Expected and observed heterozygosity values were scored between He: 0.753 and Ho: 0.714 respectively and the mean value of polymorphism information content (PIC) value of these loci was found as 0.694.Considering distribution of alleles at loci, the highest allele frequency was observed from SSR75 with % 62.5 LEat014 with % 58.3 LEga004 with % 50.0 locus, while the lowest was in AI491065 with 16.6% LEta024 locus. UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Means) method was conducted for cluster analysis. The dendrogram was consisted 2 main groups; Group 2 was the largest and contained many sub-groups. The highest genetic similarity level of genotypes from Bafra-Merkez and Sivas-Yukarıkale Village was found as 0.776. The lowest similarity ratio was observed between Sivas-Yıldızeli-Emirler Village and Samsun-Carsamba genotypes with 0.136. The obtained results are indicated that genetic diversity information of landraces with effective SSR loci will help to manage tomato genetic resources for tomato breeding.