Publication: Bipolar Bozukluk Tanılı Hastalarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanmanın Başa Çıkma Tutumu ve İşlevsellikle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastalarda içselleştirilmiş damgalanmanın, başa çıkma tutumları ve işlevsellikle ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 126 Bipolar Bozukluk tanılı hasta katılmıştır. BB tanısı, klinisyen tarafından DSM-5 tanı kriterlerine uyularak konmuştur. Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği (HDDÖ), Young Mani Derecelendirme Ölçeği (YMDÖ) uygulanarak katılımcıların ötimik dönemde oldukları doğrulanmıştır. Katılımcıların tümüyle klinik görüşme yapılarak Sosyodemografik Veri Formu (SDVF), Ruhsal Hastalıklarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma Ölçeği (RHİDÖ), Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği (COPE) ve Bipolar Bozuklukta İşlevsellik Ölçeği (BBİÖ) uygulanmıştır. Ölçek puanları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların, RHİDÖ ortalama puanlarına göre %26,2'sinde (n:33) içselleştirilmiş damgalanma olduğu tespit edildi. İçselleştirilmiş damgalanması olduğu saptanan grubun, saptanmayanlara kıyasla COPE puanlarına göre zihinsel boş verme, davranışsal boş verme, soruna odaklanma ve duyguları açığa vurma, geri durma, ve madde/alkol kullanımı tutumlarının anlamlı ölçüde daha çok kullanıldığı saptandı. İşlevsellik açısından BBİÖ ile değerlendirildiğinde içselleştirilmiş damgalanması olan grubun, olmayanlara kıyasla içe kapanıklık, iş, arkadaşları ile ilişki ve cinsel işlevsellik alanlarında anlamlı derece daha kötü işlevsellik gösterdiği saptandı. Gruplar arasında sosyodemografik değişkenlerden eğitim süresi açısından da anlamlı derecede farklılık bulundu. Katılımcıların tamamının COPE verileri incelendiğinde ise en yüksek puanları dini başa çıkma, pozitif yorumlama, plan yapma ve aktif başa çıkma tutumları alanlarında aldıkları bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, BB tanısıyla takip edilen gösteren bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalanmanın önemini ortaya koymuştur. Damgalanma hissi bildiren bireylerin daha uyumsuz olan başa çıkma tutumlarını daha çok kullandıkları ve işlevsellik alanlarında daha fazla kayıplar yaşadığını göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bipolar bozukluk, başa çıkma tutumları, işlevsellik
Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma, coping attitudes and functionality in patients with bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods: 126 patients with Bipolar Disorder were included in our study. The diagnosis of BD was made by the clinician in accordance with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. It was confirmed that the participants were in the euthymic period by applying the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDDS) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Sociodemographic Data Form (SDVF), Internalized Stigma Scale in Mental Illnesses (IRMI), Coping Attitudes Rating Scale (COPE) and Functioning Scale in Bipolar Disorder (BBI) were applied by clinical interview with all of the participants. The relationship between the scale scores was examined. Results: According to the mean ISMI score of the participants, 26,2% (n:33) of them were found to have internalized stigma. It was determined that mental disengagement, behavioral disengagement, focusing on the problem and revealing emotions, holding back, and substance/alcohol use attitudes were found to be used significantly more in the group with internalized stigma compared to those without. When evaluated with BMI in terms of functionality, it was found that the group with internalized stigma showed significantly worse functionality in the areas of introversion, work, relationships with friends, and sexual functionality compared to those without. There was also a significant difference between the groups in terms of sociodemographic variables in terms of education period. When the COPE data of all the participants were examined, it was found that the highest scores were obtained in the areas of religious coping, positive interpretation, planning and active coping attitudes. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed the importance of internalized stigma in individuals who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD. It has been shown that individuals who report feeling stigmatized use more maladaptive coping attitudes and experience more losses in the areas of functionality. Keywords: Bipolar disorder, coping attitudes, functionality
Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma, coping attitudes and functionality in patients with bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods: 126 patients with Bipolar Disorder were included in our study. The diagnosis of BD was made by the clinician in accordance with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. It was confirmed that the participants were in the euthymic period by applying the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDDS) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Sociodemographic Data Form (SDVF), Internalized Stigma Scale in Mental Illnesses (IRMI), Coping Attitudes Rating Scale (COPE) and Functioning Scale in Bipolar Disorder (BBI) were applied by clinical interview with all of the participants. The relationship between the scale scores was examined. Results: According to the mean ISMI score of the participants, 26,2% (n:33) of them were found to have internalized stigma. It was determined that mental disengagement, behavioral disengagement, focusing on the problem and revealing emotions, holding back, and substance/alcohol use attitudes were found to be used significantly more in the group with internalized stigma compared to those without. When evaluated with BMI in terms of functionality, it was found that the group with internalized stigma showed significantly worse functionality in the areas of introversion, work, relationships with friends, and sexual functionality compared to those without. There was also a significant difference between the groups in terms of sociodemographic variables in terms of education period. When the COPE data of all the participants were examined, it was found that the highest scores were obtained in the areas of religious coping, positive interpretation, planning and active coping attitudes. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed the importance of internalized stigma in individuals who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD. It has been shown that individuals who report feeling stigmatized use more maladaptive coping attitudes and experience more losses in the areas of functionality. Keywords: Bipolar disorder, coping attitudes, functionality
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