Green-Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Lactuca Anatolica Leaf Extract: Characterization, Biological Assessment, Molecular Docking Study, DFT Calculation

Abstract

Green nanoparticle synthesis with plant extracts shows promise as an alternative to traditional approaches. Lactuca anatolica, a little-studied species, was explored for its ability to produce bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study assessed the bioactivity of aqueous L. anatolical eaf (LAL) extract and AgNPs. UV-vis (460 nm) and XRD confirmed AgNP formation, TEM showed spherical particles averaging 14.1 nm. Understanding the function of naturally bioactive compounds in the stabilization and synthesis of effective nanoparticles is critical for understanding the mechanism of impact, both theoretically and practically. Thus, HPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis was applied for the leaf extract, and the results showed that the primary bioactive phenolic component was chlorogenic acid (CGA: 0.93 mg/g extract). Based on density functional theory (DFT), we were able to predict LAL-AgNP's structure, which led to predicting and investigating the activity. LAL-AgNP activity results revealed noteworthy values: DPPH center dot.scavenging (IC50: 1.74 mu g/mL), phosphomolybdenum reducing (A0.5: 0.51 mu g/mL), and anti-inflammatory (52.27 %). The AChE inhibition effect for LAL-AgNP was higher than that of the extract and galantamine. AgNP exhibited superior antibacterial properties against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa at 8.5 and 9.0 mm. The inherent capability of plasmid DNA findings exhibits a protective effect against .OH. LAL-AgNP demonstrated remarkable degrader efficiency of methylene blue against visible light for 5 h. Molecular docking for the CGA-Ag model with the enzyme showed MolDock scores as-176.80 for AChE,-241.57 for BChE,-208.02 for urease, and-241.04 kcal/mol for BSA. It was concluded that LAL-AgNP could be a potential therapeutic source as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitor, DNA protector, anti-inflammatory, and degrader.