Publication: Türkiye'De 1918-1938 Tarihleri Arasında Maliye Teşkilatı
Abstract
Maliye teskilatı devlet kurumları içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kamuhizmetlerinin gerektirdigi kaynakların tedarik edilme ve harcama süreçleri maliyapının kurumsallasmasını ifade eder. Bu münasebetle mali yapının gelisim sürecive bu süreçte ugradıgı degisimin takibi de ayrıca önem kazanmaktadır. Millimücadelenin basladıgı dönemde ihtiyaç duyulan kaynakların tedarik edilme usulü vebu kaynakların harcama biçimi özü itibariyle mali bir meseledir ve kendine özgü birmali yapıyı gerektirmektedir.Tarihi gelisim içerisinde mali yapıyı etkileyen iç ve dıs etkenlerin olması dogaldır.Lozan Antlasması'nın Türk mali sistemi üzerinde vesayeti kaldırıcı etkisi bir dısetkendir. zmir ktisat Kongresi kararları ve yeni devletin yasadıgı anayasaldegisimin mali yapıya tesirleri göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar önemli iç etkenlerdir.Burada yeni devletin kurucu iradesini ortaya koyan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün malihassasiyetlerinin mali yapı üzerindeki yönlendirici etkisini dikkate almak gerekir.Maliye Vekaleti'nin, 1920'den müstakil bir teskilat kanununun çıkarıldıgı 1936tarihine kadar geçen kurumsallasma çabaları dikkat çekicidir. Osmanlı Devleti'ndendevir alınan mali yapıda degisiklikler, 1927 yılı Bütçe Kanunu'yla birliktebaslamıstır. 1929 yılında, bakanlıkların teskilat kanunları çıkarılana kadar teskilatkanunu hükmünde olan bir düzenleme yapılarak mali yapı gelistirilmistir. 1933yılında stanbul Maliye Teskilatı'na iliskin düzenleme, gelirlerin büyük kısmınınstanbul'da toplanması dolayısıyla stanbul'a özgüdür. Nihayet 1936 yılında MaliyeBakanlıgı'nın müstakil teskilat kanunu ve nizamnamesi çıkarılarak maliye teskilatıkadro, unvan, görev bakımından sistematik bir yapıya kavusturulmustur.ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER:Atatürk, Maliye, Teskilat, Bütçe, Vergi
Finance organization has a remarkable place in the govermental agencies. Thestructure of finance has a vital role in providing financial sources for puplic servicesand in the proces of deciding to where these source would be spent. There fore, thechanges or evolution of the state structure of finance acquires importance to see itseffect on taxation and spending. The way the resources required in the time ofnational struggle and spending is in esence a fiscal issue and entailed a specificfinancial structure.That there are external and internal factors which influence the financial structure inthe course of history is normal. The fact that treaty of Lausanne abrogared thefinancial tutelage on the Turkish financial system is an external factor. The impactsof the decree of the economic congress in zmir and of the constitutional amendment on the financial structure are the internal factors which are too important to beignored. The steering influence of the sensitiveness of Mustafa Kemal Atatürkfounder of the new Republic about financial issues on financial structure should betaken into consideration.The struggle of institutionalization experienced from 1920 to 1936, when a seperatelaw of finance ministry was passed is remarkable. The amendments in the financialstructure taken over by the Ottoman State began whith the 1927 budged act.Financial structure was ameliorated via a regularization, having the force of law,until the organic laws of the ministries were passed. The regulation made whithregard to Istanbul finance organization in 1933 is peculiar to Istanbul as most of therevenues are centralized there.Eventually, finance organization gained a systematicstatus in terms of staff, title and position whith the enactment of a seperateorganization law in 1936.KEY WORDS:Atatürk, Finance, Organisation, Budget, Tax
Finance organization has a remarkable place in the govermental agencies. Thestructure of finance has a vital role in providing financial sources for puplic servicesand in the proces of deciding to where these source would be spent. There fore, thechanges or evolution of the state structure of finance acquires importance to see itseffect on taxation and spending. The way the resources required in the time ofnational struggle and spending is in esence a fiscal issue and entailed a specificfinancial structure.That there are external and internal factors which influence the financial structure inthe course of history is normal. The fact that treaty of Lausanne abrogared thefinancial tutelage on the Turkish financial system is an external factor. The impactsof the decree of the economic congress in zmir and of the constitutional amendment on the financial structure are the internal factors which are too important to beignored. The steering influence of the sensitiveness of Mustafa Kemal Atatürkfounder of the new Republic about financial issues on financial structure should betaken into consideration.The struggle of institutionalization experienced from 1920 to 1936, when a seperatelaw of finance ministry was passed is remarkable. The amendments in the financialstructure taken over by the Ottoman State began whith the 1927 budged act.Financial structure was ameliorated via a regularization, having the force of law,until the organic laws of the ministries were passed. The regulation made whithregard to Istanbul finance organization in 1933 is peculiar to Istanbul as most of therevenues are centralized there.Eventually, finance organization gained a systematicstatus in terms of staff, title and position whith the enactment of a seperateorganization law in 1936.KEY WORDS:Atatürk, Finance, Organisation, Budget, Tax
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