Publication: İmam Zeyd B. Ali'ye İsnâd Edilen 'Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân'
Abstract
Müfessirler tefsir faaliyeti yürütürken birtakım ilimlerden yardım almışlardır. Ulûmu'l-Kur'ân türü çalışmalarda bir arada incelenen bu ilimlerin en önemlilerinden birisi de kökleri sahâbeye kadar uzanan Garîbu'l-Kur'ân ilmidir. Bu ilim, ilk bakışta hemen anlaşılamayan, kavranmasında güçlük yaşanan ve manasının ortaya konması noktasında Arap diline vukûfiyet gerektiren garîb kelimeleri konu edinmektedir. İslam ilim tarihinde Garîbu'l-Kur'ân ilmini merkeze alan birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Tezimizde, bu çalışmalardan biri olan ve Zeydiyye mezhebinin kurucu imamı Zeyd b. Ali'ye (öl. 122/740) isnâd edilen Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân isimli eser incelemeye alınmıştır. Öncelikle Zeyd b. Ali'nin hayatı ve eserleri kısaca tanıtılmış ve Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân'ın dahil olduğu tefsir türü hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. İmam Zeyd b. Ali'nin bu eseri, Abdullâh b. Abbâs'a (öl. 68/687-88) isnâd edilen eserlerden sonra günümüze ulaşan ilk Garîbu'l-Kur'ân türü çalışma olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Buna rağmen Zeyd b. Ali sonrası dönemde kaleme alınan tefsir kaynaklarında Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân'a atıfta bulunulmadığı görülmektedir. Bunun en belirgin sebebi eserin Zeyd b. Ali'ye isnâdının sıhhatiyle ilgili menfi yönde seyreden ciddi iddiaların öne sürülmüş olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla Tefsîru Garîbi'l-Kur'ân'ın, mevsûkiyet yönünden de incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple tezimizde eserin mevsûkiyeti meselesi, hadis usulü kriterleri merkeze alınarak çeşitli yönlerden ayrıntılı bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir. Bu tahlil sonucunda eserin Zeyd b. Ali'ye isnâdında önemli bir problem olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bütün bunlara ek olarak eserin şekil ve muhteva açısından taşıdığı özellikler başlıklar halinde ortaya konmuş, eserin kaynakları, kendisinden sonraki çalışmalara etkisi, bu çalışmalarla farklılaştığı noktalar ve orijinal yönleri tespit edilmiştir. Eserle ilgili bu inceleme sürecinde temel tabakât ve ricâl kitapları, fihrist türü eserler, hadis ve tefsir çalışmaları başvuru kaynakları olarak kullanılmıştır.
The commentators received help from some sciences while carrying out tafsir activities. One of the most important of these sciences, which are examined together in Ulum al-Qur'an studies, is the science of Gharib al-Qur'an, whose roots go back to the Companions. This science deals with strange words that cannot be understood at first glance, which are difficult to understand and which require knowledge of the Arabic language at the point of revealing their meanings. In the history of Islamic science, many studies have been carried out that center the science of Gharib al-Qur'an. In our thesis, one of these works, Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an, which is attributed to Zayd b. Ali (d. 122/740), the founding imam of the Zaydiyya sect, has been examined. First of all, Zayd b. Ali's life and works are briefly introduced and information is given about the type of tafsir in which Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an is included. This work of Imam Zayd b. Ali stands out as the first Gharib al-Qur'an work that has survived to the present day after the works attributed to Abdullah Abbas (d. 68/687-88). Despite this, it is seen that there is no reference to Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an in the tafsir sources written in the period after Zayd b. Ali. The most obvious reason for this is that serious allegations were put forward regarding the soundness of the work's mawthūqiyya to Zayd b. Ali. Therefore, Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an should also be examined in terms of plausibility. For this reason, in our thesis, the issue of the origin of the work has been analyzed in detail from various aspects by focusing on the hadith method criteria. As a result of this analysis, it has been concluded that there is no significant problem in the mawthūqiyya of the work to Zayd b. Ali. In addition to all these, the features of the work in terms of form and content are revealed in titles, the sources of the work, its effect on the works after it, the points where it differs with these studies and its original aspects are determined. In this review process about the work, basic tabaqat and rical books, index type works, hadith and tafsir studies were used as reference sources.
The commentators received help from some sciences while carrying out tafsir activities. One of the most important of these sciences, which are examined together in Ulum al-Qur'an studies, is the science of Gharib al-Qur'an, whose roots go back to the Companions. This science deals with strange words that cannot be understood at first glance, which are difficult to understand and which require knowledge of the Arabic language at the point of revealing their meanings. In the history of Islamic science, many studies have been carried out that center the science of Gharib al-Qur'an. In our thesis, one of these works, Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an, which is attributed to Zayd b. Ali (d. 122/740), the founding imam of the Zaydiyya sect, has been examined. First of all, Zayd b. Ali's life and works are briefly introduced and information is given about the type of tafsir in which Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an is included. This work of Imam Zayd b. Ali stands out as the first Gharib al-Qur'an work that has survived to the present day after the works attributed to Abdullah Abbas (d. 68/687-88). Despite this, it is seen that there is no reference to Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an in the tafsir sources written in the period after Zayd b. Ali. The most obvious reason for this is that serious allegations were put forward regarding the soundness of the work's mawthūqiyya to Zayd b. Ali. Therefore, Tafsir Gharibi al-Qur'an should also be examined in terms of plausibility. For this reason, in our thesis, the issue of the origin of the work has been analyzed in detail from various aspects by focusing on the hadith method criteria. As a result of this analysis, it has been concluded that there is no significant problem in the mawthūqiyya of the work to Zayd b. Ali. In addition to all these, the features of the work in terms of form and content are revealed in titles, the sources of the work, its effect on the works after it, the points where it differs with these studies and its original aspects are determined. In this review process about the work, basic tabaqat and rical books, index type works, hadith and tafsir studies were used as reference sources.
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