Publication: Ultrasonik, Termal ve Kimyasal Ön Arıtım Yöntemleri İle Arıtma Çamurlarının Dezentegrasyonu
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Atıksu arıtma tesislerinde oluşan atık çamur üretiminin artması sonucunda yenilikçi yaklaşımlar kapsamında atık çamur miktarının azaltılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla dezentegrasyon yöntemleri geliştirilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı; çamur çözünmesini artırmak, aerobik stabilizasyonu geliştirmek, çamurun susuzlaştırılabilirliğini iyileştirmek, patojen inaktivasyonu ve oluşan çamur miktarını azaltmaktır. Laboratuvar ölçekli yürütülen tez çalışması kapsamında çamur işleme ünitelerine ultrasonik (US), termal (T) ve alkali (A) dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinin etkileri üç aşamada incelenmiştir. Birinci aşamada, US, T ve A dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinin çamur özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi; kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) çözünmesi, dezentegrasyon derecesi (DDKOİ), toplam katı madde (TKM), uçucu katı madde (UKM), toplam askıda katı madde (TAKM), uçucu askıda katı madde (UAKM), ortofosfat fosforu (PO4-3-P), toplam fosfor (TP), amonyum azotu (NH4+-N), organik azot (Norg), toplam kjeldahl azotu (TKN), kapiler emme süresi (KES), özgül filtre direnci (ÖFD), toplam koliform (TK), fekal koliform (FK) ve Escherichia coli parametreleri dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. US, T ve A dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinde DDKOİ değerleri, sırasıyla % 19,5±1,7, % 22,7±1,1 ve % 12,4±3,2 oranlarında yükselerek çamur çözünmesi elde edilmiştir. Biyolojik flokların ayrılması, çamur çözünmesi ve hücre lizisi meydana gelerek sıvı fazda PO4-3-P, TP, NH4+-N, Norg ve TKN miktarları artarken aynı zamanda patojen inaktivasyonu sağlanmıştır. Ancak çamur susuzlaştırma özellikleri olumsuz şekilde değişmiştir. İkinci aşamada; US, T, A, US+T, US+A, T+A ve US+T+A dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinin aerobik stabilizasyonun iyileştirilmesine etkisi araştırılmış ve çamur fazında toplam kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (TKOİ), TKM, UKM, TAKM, UAKM, TP, TKN, KES, ÖFD, TK, FK, E. coli ve sıvı fazda ise çözünmüş kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (ÇKOİ), PO4-3-P, TP, NH4+-N ve nitrat azotu (NO3--N) parametreleri izlenmiştir. Dezentegrasyon yöntemleriyle çamurun biyobozunabilirlik özelliği artmış ve A+aerobik reaktörü haricinde B sınıfı arıtma çamuru elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte çamurun susuzlaştırma özellikleri olumsuz şekilde değişmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada; kimyasal oksidasyon ile US, T ve A dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinin iyileştiği, çamur çözünmesinin arttığı ve çamur susuzlaştırılabilirliğinin iyileştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, US, T ve A dezentegrasyon yöntemlerinin aerobik stabilizasyonu iyileştirdiği ve stabilizasyon süresini kısalttığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çamurun susuzlaştırma özelliği kimyasal oksidasyon ile iyileştirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Arıtma Çamuru; Dezentegrasyon Yöntemleri; Ultrases; Termal; Alkali; Aerobik Stabilizasyon; Bakteri İnaktivasyonu; Susuzlaştırılabilirlik.
It is aimed the reduction of excess sludge in the context of innovative approaches as a result of increase of excess sludge production in wastewater treatment plants. With this purpose, disintegration technologies are being developed. The aim of this study is to increase sludge solubilisation, to improve aerobic stabilization, to increase sludge dewaterability and pathogenic inactivation, eventually to reduce sludge mass. Within the study carried out in the laboratory scale, effects of ultrasonic (US), thermal (T) and alkaline (A) disintegration methods on sludge handling units were investigated in three stages. In the first stage, the effects of US, T and A disintegration methods on sludge characteristics were determined by the parameters that are chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation, disintegration degree (DDCOD), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), orthophosphate (PO4-3-P), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), organic nitrogen (Norg), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), capillary suction time (CST), specific filter resistance (SRF), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli. In US, T and A disintegration methods, the DDCOD values increased by 19,5±1,7%, 22,7±1,1% and 12,4±3,2%, respectively, and sludge solubilisation occurred. Due to disaggregation of biological flocs, sludge solubilisation and cell lysis, the PO4-3-P, the TP, the NH4+-N, the Norg and the TKN concentrations in liquid phase increased, pathogenic inactivation occurred as well. However, sludge dewatering properties were altered negatively. In the second stage, the effects of US, T, A, US+T, US+A, T+A and US+T+A disintegration methods on aerobic stabilization improvement were determined. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), TS, VS, TSS, VSS, TP, TKN, CST, SRF, TC, FC and E. coli were monitored in sludge phase and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (DCOD), PO4-3-P, TP, NH4+-N and nitrate (NO3--N) were monitored in liquid phase. As a result of sludge disintegration methods, sludge biodegradability increased and class B biosolid was obtained except for A+aerobic reactor. In contrast, the sludge dewatering properties were altered negatively. In the third stage, it was determined that US, T and A disintegration was enhanced, the sludge solubilisation was increased and sludge dewaterability was improved with chemical oxidation. In this thesis, it was determined that US, T and A disintegration methods improved aerobic stabilization and reduced stabilization period. However, the sludge dewaterability was improved with chemical oxidation. Key Words: Excess Sludge; Disintegration Methods; Ultrasound; Thermal; Alkali; Aerobic Stabilization; Bacteria Inactivation; Dewaterability.
It is aimed the reduction of excess sludge in the context of innovative approaches as a result of increase of excess sludge production in wastewater treatment plants. With this purpose, disintegration technologies are being developed. The aim of this study is to increase sludge solubilisation, to improve aerobic stabilization, to increase sludge dewaterability and pathogenic inactivation, eventually to reduce sludge mass. Within the study carried out in the laboratory scale, effects of ultrasonic (US), thermal (T) and alkaline (A) disintegration methods on sludge handling units were investigated in three stages. In the first stage, the effects of US, T and A disintegration methods on sludge characteristics were determined by the parameters that are chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation, disintegration degree (DDCOD), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), orthophosphate (PO4-3-P), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), organic nitrogen (Norg), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), capillary suction time (CST), specific filter resistance (SRF), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli. In US, T and A disintegration methods, the DDCOD values increased by 19,5±1,7%, 22,7±1,1% and 12,4±3,2%, respectively, and sludge solubilisation occurred. Due to disaggregation of biological flocs, sludge solubilisation and cell lysis, the PO4-3-P, the TP, the NH4+-N, the Norg and the TKN concentrations in liquid phase increased, pathogenic inactivation occurred as well. However, sludge dewatering properties were altered negatively. In the second stage, the effects of US, T, A, US+T, US+A, T+A and US+T+A disintegration methods on aerobic stabilization improvement were determined. Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), TS, VS, TSS, VSS, TP, TKN, CST, SRF, TC, FC and E. coli were monitored in sludge phase and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (DCOD), PO4-3-P, TP, NH4+-N and nitrate (NO3--N) were monitored in liquid phase. As a result of sludge disintegration methods, sludge biodegradability increased and class B biosolid was obtained except for A+aerobic reactor. In contrast, the sludge dewatering properties were altered negatively. In the third stage, it was determined that US, T and A disintegration was enhanced, the sludge solubilisation was increased and sludge dewaterability was improved with chemical oxidation. In this thesis, it was determined that US, T and A disintegration methods improved aerobic stabilization and reduced stabilization period. However, the sludge dewaterability was improved with chemical oxidation. Key Words: Excess Sludge; Disintegration Methods; Ultrasound; Thermal; Alkali; Aerobic Stabilization; Bacteria Inactivation; Dewaterability.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2016
Libra Kayıt No: 90136
Libra Kayıt No: 90136
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