Publication: Kirlenmiş Su Ortamının Ekotoksikolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
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Su ortamında yaşayan pek çok tür, yaşam evrelerinin büyük bir bölümünü sucul sedimanın yüzeyinde veya içinde geçirdiklerinden sedimana tutunan kirleticiler, enerji akışı ve besin zinciri gibi ekolojik döngü elemanlarıyla insana kadar ulaşabilmektedir. Su ortamı bir bütün olarak düşünüldüğünde, sucul ortamlardaki toksik etkiler doğru olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, ağır metallerden bakır ve çinkonun su kolonu ve su-sediman etkileşimiyle sucul ortamların birincil üreticileri olan algler üzerinde meydana getirdiği akut toksik etkilerin belirlenmesidir.Laboratuvar ölçekli yürütülen tez çalışması kapsamında, bakır ve çinkonun diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum ve yeşil alg Selenastrum capricornutum üzerinde oluşturduğu akut toksik etkiler belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda laboratuvar deneyleri iki aşamada yürütülmüştür. Birinci aşamada su ortamında 0,25 - 0,50 - 0,75 - 1,00 - 1,50 - 2,00 mg/L'lik konsantrasyonlarda bakır ve çinkonun ayrı ayrı iki alg türü üzerinde oluşturduğu akut toksik etkiler, 96 s maruz kalma sonunda EC50 değerinin hesaplanmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Tüm maruz kalmalar (24 s, 48 s, 72 s, 96 s) sonunda hücre sayıları, ortalama çoğalma hızları, klorofil-a miktarları, biyobirikim (BA) ve biyokonsantrasyon faktörü (BCF) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise birinci aşamada uygulanan tüm işlemler su-sediman ortamı etkileşimiyle tekrarlanmıştır. İkinci aşamasında kullanılan kontrol sedimanı, kullanılan alg türleri için toksik etkenlerin olmadığı düşünülen Abdal Irmağı'ının Esençay mevkiinden alınmıştır ve fiziksel-kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir.Her iki aşamada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, metal konsantrasyonu arttıkça hücre sayıları ve klorofil-a miktarlarında azalmalar, BA ve BCF değerlerinde ise artmalar gözlemlenmiştir. 96 s maruz kalma sonunda EC50 değerleri, su ortamında P. tricornutum için 407,732±39,035 µg Cu/L ve 296,424±95,153 µg Zn/L, S. capricornutum için 356,855±14,181 µg Cu/L ve 490,656±107,805 µg Zn/L, su-sediman ortamında P. tricornutum için 113,692±76,167 µg Cu/L ve 79,444±64,565 µg Zn/L, S. capricornutum için 81,153±38,824 µg Cu/L ve 150,016±61,735 µg Zn/L olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, her iki ortamda da P. tricornutum çinkoya, S. capricornutum ise bakıra karşı daha duyarlıdır. Su-sediman ortamında bakır ve çinko su ortamına göre daha toksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Su ortamındaki habitatın kirlenme sonucunda nasıl etkilendiğinin elde edilen sonuçlarla ekotoksikolojik bir incelemesi, gelecek çalışmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Selenastrum capricornutum, Bakır, Çinko, Akut Toksisite, Biyobirikim, Biyokonsantrasyon Faktörü, Sediman.
As many species that are found in the aquatic environment live most parts of their life inside or on the surface of aquatic sediment, contaminants in sediment can gain access to human body through the ecological cycle components such as energy flow and food chain. Toxic effects in aquatic environment can be evaluated when aquatic environment is considered as a whole. The aim of study is to determine the acute toxic effects of heavy metal copper and zinc on algae which are the primary procedures of aquatic environments by the water column and interaction of water-sediment.Within the framework of the study carried out in the laboratory, acute toxic effects on diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and green alga Selenastrum capricornutum by copper and zinc were determined. In this context, laboratory experiments were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, acute toxic effects of copper and zinc in the concentration of 0,25 - 0,50 - 0,75 - 1,00 - 1,50 - 2,00 mg/L in two different algae species were determined by calculation of EC50 value after 96 h exposure in aquatic environment. Cell numbers, mean growth rates, chlorophyll-a quantities, bioaccumulation (BA), bioconcentration factor (BCF) values were calculated after all exposures (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h). In second stage, all procedures applied in the first stage were repeated by water-sediment interaction. Control sediment used in second stage was obtained from Esençay region of Abdal River which was supposed not to have toxic effects for algae species and physical-chemical characteristic of control sediment were identified.According to the results obtained in two stages, a decrease in cell number and chlorophyll-a quantities and an increases in BA and BCF values were observed as metal concentration increased. EC50 values were determined 407,732±39,035 µg Cu/L and 296,424±95,153 µg Zn/L for P. tricornutum, 356,855±14,181 µg Cu/L and 490,656±107,805 µg Zn/L for S. capricornutum in aquatic environment, 113,692±76,167 µg Cu/L and 79,444±64,565 µg Zn/L for P. tricornutum, 81,153±38,824 µg Cu/L and 150,016±61,735 µg Zn/L for S. capricornutum in water-sediment environment after 96 h exposure. According to the results, it is determined that P. tricornutum is more sensitive to zinc and S. capricornutum is more sensitive to copper in the both environment. Copper and zinc in water-sediment environment have more toxic effects than in water environment. Via the ecotoxicological examination and the results obtained from the question how the habitat in aquatic environment was affected after contamination will contribute to further researches.Keywords: Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Selenastrum capricornutum, Copper, Zinc, Acute Toxicity, Bioaccumulation (BA), Bioconcentration factor (BCF), Sediment.
As many species that are found in the aquatic environment live most parts of their life inside or on the surface of aquatic sediment, contaminants in sediment can gain access to human body through the ecological cycle components such as energy flow and food chain. Toxic effects in aquatic environment can be evaluated when aquatic environment is considered as a whole. The aim of study is to determine the acute toxic effects of heavy metal copper and zinc on algae which are the primary procedures of aquatic environments by the water column and interaction of water-sediment.Within the framework of the study carried out in the laboratory, acute toxic effects on diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and green alga Selenastrum capricornutum by copper and zinc were determined. In this context, laboratory experiments were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, acute toxic effects of copper and zinc in the concentration of 0,25 - 0,50 - 0,75 - 1,00 - 1,50 - 2,00 mg/L in two different algae species were determined by calculation of EC50 value after 96 h exposure in aquatic environment. Cell numbers, mean growth rates, chlorophyll-a quantities, bioaccumulation (BA), bioconcentration factor (BCF) values were calculated after all exposures (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h). In second stage, all procedures applied in the first stage were repeated by water-sediment interaction. Control sediment used in second stage was obtained from Esençay region of Abdal River which was supposed not to have toxic effects for algae species and physical-chemical characteristic of control sediment were identified.According to the results obtained in two stages, a decrease in cell number and chlorophyll-a quantities and an increases in BA and BCF values were observed as metal concentration increased. EC50 values were determined 407,732±39,035 µg Cu/L and 296,424±95,153 µg Zn/L for P. tricornutum, 356,855±14,181 µg Cu/L and 490,656±107,805 µg Zn/L for S. capricornutum in aquatic environment, 113,692±76,167 µg Cu/L and 79,444±64,565 µg Zn/L for P. tricornutum, 81,153±38,824 µg Cu/L and 150,016±61,735 µg Zn/L for S. capricornutum in water-sediment environment after 96 h exposure. According to the results, it is determined that P. tricornutum is more sensitive to zinc and S. capricornutum is more sensitive to copper in the both environment. Copper and zinc in water-sediment environment have more toxic effects than in water environment. Via the ecotoxicological examination and the results obtained from the question how the habitat in aquatic environment was affected after contamination will contribute to further researches.Keywords: Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Selenastrum capricornutum, Copper, Zinc, Acute Toxicity, Bioaccumulation (BA), Bioconcentration factor (BCF), Sediment.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2009
Libra Kayıt No: 65031
Libra Kayıt No: 65031
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