Publication: Bazı Organik Artıkların Biyoduvar Sistemleriyle Yeraltı Suyundan Nitrat Gideriminde Kullanılabilme Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Çevresel sorunların son zamanlarda arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Tarımsal ve endüstriyel kökenli kirlenmeler canlıların yaşamı açısından tehlike oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Nüfus artışıyla birlikte kirlilik parametrelerinde artışların meydana gelmesi temiz çevre kavramının önemini ortaya koymuştur. Tarımdan kaynaklanan kirlilik daha çok tarımdaki üretimler sonucu ortaya çıkan bitkisel atıklar, tarımsal sanayi atıkları, pestisitler ve mikroorganizmalar, aşırı gübreleme sonucu oluşan tuzluluk ve ağır metal birikimi vesilesi ile yeraltı suyunun aşırı derecede kontamine olmasını meydana getirmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada; Biyoduvar (biowall) sistemi ile kirlenmiş yeraltı sularındaki nitrat kirliliğinin giderimini sağlamak için laboratuvar koşullarında muz sapı, kestane kabuğu, pirinç çeltiği, bezelye kabuğu ve nohut kabuğu gibi organik artıklardan oluşan belirlenmiş çaptaki malzemeler kullanılmıştır. Organik materyallerin kullanım amacı doğal olarak oluşan veya çoğaltılmış mikroorganizmalar için enerji kaynağı olarak kullnılmasıdır.. Aynı zamanda belirlenmiş olan kirletici maddelerin biyoduvardan geçme esnasında organik maddelere tutunması ve anoksik bir ortam oluşturmasıdır. Ayrıca organik maddeler laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan denemeler sonucu kirlilik karakterine göre uygun biyoduvar reaktifi belirlemektedir. Kirleticilerin tutunması, adsorpsiyonunu ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmasını kolaylaştırmak için toprağın gözenekliliği artırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma için 2-3 mm çapında kum kullanılmıştır(Akkurt, vd., 2002). Yapılan labortuvar çalışmasında organik materyaller kullanılarak salınım seviyeleri ve kesikli reaktör sistemiyle laboratuvar ortamında nitrat giderim verimleri incelenmiştir. Bekleme süresinin denitrifikasyon süreci üzerine etkisi incelenmiş ve tüm reaktifler için en iyi giderim veriminin 330. saatin sonunda alındığı gözlemlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda en iyi nitrat giderim verimleri muz sapı için %93, kestane kabuğu için %52, pirinç çeltiği için %98, bezelye kabuğu için %97, nohut kabuğu için %95 olarak izlenmiştir. Organik materyallerin geçirgen reaktif bariyer sistemleri için alternatif seçenek olduğu görülmüştür.
It has been observed that environmental problems have increased recently. Agricultural and industrial pollution have begun to pose a threat to the life of living things. The increase in pollution parameters with the increase in population has revealed the importance of the concept of clean environment. Pollution originating from agriculture causes excessive contamination of groundwater due to vegetable wastes, agricultural industry wastes, pesticides and microorganisms, salinity and heavy metal accumulation resulting from excessive fertilization. In this study; In order to ensure the removal of nitrate pollution in groundwater contaminated with the biowall system, materials of a specified size, consisting of organic residues such as banana stalk, chestnut peel, rice paddy, pea pod and chickpea husk, were used in laboratory conditions. The purpose of use of organic materials is to be used as an energy source for naturally occurring or reproduced microorganisms. At the same time, the determined pollutants adhere to organic substances during their passage through the biowall and create an anoxic environment. In addition, organic materials determine the appropriate biowall reagent according to the pollution character as a result of the experiments carried out under laboratory conditions. The porosity of the soil is increased to facilitate the adhesion, adsorption and biodegradation of pollutants. Sand with a diameter of 2-3 mm was used for this study(Akkurt, et al., 2002). In this laboratory study, the release levels using organic materials and nitrate removal efficiencies in the laboratory environment with the batch reactor system were investigated. The effect of the waiting time on the denitrification process was examined and it was observed that the best removal efficiency was obtained at the end of the 330th hour for all reagents. In experimental studies, the best nitrate removal efficiencies were observed as 93% for banana stem, 52% for chestnut husk, 98% for rice paddy, 97% for pea pods, and 95% for chickpea husk. Organic materials have been found to be an alternative option for permeable reactive barrier systems.
It has been observed that environmental problems have increased recently. Agricultural and industrial pollution have begun to pose a threat to the life of living things. The increase in pollution parameters with the increase in population has revealed the importance of the concept of clean environment. Pollution originating from agriculture causes excessive contamination of groundwater due to vegetable wastes, agricultural industry wastes, pesticides and microorganisms, salinity and heavy metal accumulation resulting from excessive fertilization. In this study; In order to ensure the removal of nitrate pollution in groundwater contaminated with the biowall system, materials of a specified size, consisting of organic residues such as banana stalk, chestnut peel, rice paddy, pea pod and chickpea husk, were used in laboratory conditions. The purpose of use of organic materials is to be used as an energy source for naturally occurring or reproduced microorganisms. At the same time, the determined pollutants adhere to organic substances during their passage through the biowall and create an anoxic environment. In addition, organic materials determine the appropriate biowall reagent according to the pollution character as a result of the experiments carried out under laboratory conditions. The porosity of the soil is increased to facilitate the adhesion, adsorption and biodegradation of pollutants. Sand with a diameter of 2-3 mm was used for this study(Akkurt, et al., 2002). In this laboratory study, the release levels using organic materials and nitrate removal efficiencies in the laboratory environment with the batch reactor system were investigated. The effect of the waiting time on the denitrification process was examined and it was observed that the best removal efficiency was obtained at the end of the 330th hour for all reagents. In experimental studies, the best nitrate removal efficiencies were observed as 93% for banana stem, 52% for chestnut husk, 98% for rice paddy, 97% for pea pods, and 95% for chickpea husk. Organic materials have been found to be an alternative option for permeable reactive barrier systems.
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