Publication: Evde Bakım Veren Bireylerin Bakım Verme Yükü İle İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Dünyada ve ülkemizde teknolojinin, tıbbın ilerlemesi ile beraber insanların refahı artmaya ve ömürleri uzamaya başlamıştır. Aynı doğrultuda da günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yerine getiremeyen ve bir başka bireye uzun süreli bakıma muhtaç; bedensel, zihinsel ve ruhsal engeli bulunan bireylerde de artış meydana gelmiştir. Sözkonusu engelli bireyler duygusal, sosyal, ekonomik, fiziksel sağlık, vb. alanlarda zorluklar yaşayabilmekte ve bu durum onlara bakım veren bireyleri de etkilemektedir. Engelli bireylerin tüm ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi, sosyal kısıtlılık, kişisel ve çevresel sorumluluklar, işsizlik, vb. ekonomik, sosyal, psikolojik pek çok faktörler sonucunda bakım veren bireyler bakım verme yükü yaşayabilmekte ve iyilik halleri azalabilmektedir. Bakım verme yükü, bakım veren bireyler açısından farklılıklar gösterebilmekte ve yük kavramı öznel olarak yordanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede mevcut araştırmanın amacı da hangi faktörlerin evde bakım veren bireylerin bakım verme yükü ile ilişkili olduğunu incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi olarak olasılığa dayanamayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden bulabildiğini örnekleme metodu seçilmiş ve örneklem 18 yaş üstü, çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 250 bakım veren bireyden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak; Demografik Bilgi Formu, Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği, Bakıcı İyiliği Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanılmış ve veriler SPSS-21 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular ele alındığında ise hanedeki kişi sayısı bakım verme yükünü negatif yönde; bakım vermeye ilişkin eğitim alma durumu ve bakım verme süresi ise bakım verme yükünü pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak yordamaktadır. Arkadaş desteği bakım verme yükünü negatif yönde; aileden ve arkadaştan alınan sosyal destek ise temel ihtiyaçlar boyutunu pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak yordamaktadır. Özel bir insan ve arkadaştan alınan sosyal destek bakıcı iyiliğinin yaşamsal faaliyetler boyutunu pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak yordamaktadır. Bakım verme yükü bakıcı iyiliğinin yaşamsal faaliyetler ve temel ihtiyaçlar boyutlarının ikisinin de puanını negatif yönde anlamlı olarak yordamaktadır. Demografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılıklar ve değişkenlere ilişkin korelasyon analizinde de anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazın göz önüne alınarak tartışılmıştır.
With the advancement of technology and medicine in the world and in our country, people's welfare has begun to increase and their lives have begun to extend. In the same vein, those who cannot perform daily living activities and need long-term care from another individual; There has also been an increase in individuals with physical, mental and spiritual disabilities. These disabled individuals have emotional, social, economic, physical health, etc. They may experience difficulties in various areas, and this situation also affects the individuals who care for them. Meeting all the needs of disabled individuals, social limitations, personal and environmental responsibilities, unemployment, etc. As a result of many economic, social and psychological factors, caregivers may experience caregiving burden and their well-being may decrease. The burden of caregiving may vary depending on the individual caregiver, and the concept of burden is estimated subjectively. In this context, the aim of the current research is to examine which factors are associated with the caregiving burden of home caregivers. As the sample of the research, the sampling method that could not be based on probability was chosen, and the sample consisted of 250 caregivers who were over the age of 18 and participated in the study voluntarily. As data collection tools; Demographic Information Form, Caregiving Burden Scale, Caregiver Well-Being Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were used and the data were analyzed using the SPSS-21 program. Considering the findings, the number of people in the household negatively affects the caregiving burden; Caregiving education and caregiving duration positively predict caregiving burden. Peer support negatively affects caregiving burden; Social support received from family and friends positively predicts the basic needs dimension. Social support received from a special person and friend significantly positively predicts the vital activities dimension of caregiver well-being. Caregiving burden significantly negatively predicts scores on both vital activities and basic needs dimensions of caregiver well-being. It was determined that there were significant differences according to demographic variables and significant relationships in the correlation analysis of the variables. The findings obtained from the research were discussed considering the relevant literature.
With the advancement of technology and medicine in the world and in our country, people's welfare has begun to increase and their lives have begun to extend. In the same vein, those who cannot perform daily living activities and need long-term care from another individual; There has also been an increase in individuals with physical, mental and spiritual disabilities. These disabled individuals have emotional, social, economic, physical health, etc. They may experience difficulties in various areas, and this situation also affects the individuals who care for them. Meeting all the needs of disabled individuals, social limitations, personal and environmental responsibilities, unemployment, etc. As a result of many economic, social and psychological factors, caregivers may experience caregiving burden and their well-being may decrease. The burden of caregiving may vary depending on the individual caregiver, and the concept of burden is estimated subjectively. In this context, the aim of the current research is to examine which factors are associated with the caregiving burden of home caregivers. As the sample of the research, the sampling method that could not be based on probability was chosen, and the sample consisted of 250 caregivers who were over the age of 18 and participated in the study voluntarily. As data collection tools; Demographic Information Form, Caregiving Burden Scale, Caregiver Well-Being Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were used and the data were analyzed using the SPSS-21 program. Considering the findings, the number of people in the household negatively affects the caregiving burden; Caregiving education and caregiving duration positively predict caregiving burden. Peer support negatively affects caregiving burden; Social support received from family and friends positively predicts the basic needs dimension. Social support received from a special person and friend significantly positively predicts the vital activities dimension of caregiver well-being. Caregiving burden significantly negatively predicts scores on both vital activities and basic needs dimensions of caregiver well-being. It was determined that there were significant differences according to demographic variables and significant relationships in the correlation analysis of the variables. The findings obtained from the research were discussed considering the relevant literature.
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