Publication: Nazal Kavitenin Anatomik Özelliklerinin ve Nazal Septum Deviasyonunun Gözyaşı Menisküs Parametreleri ile İlişkisinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: İntranazal anatomi ve morfolojinin Paranazal Sinüs Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (PBT) ile değerlendirilerek ön segment optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile elde edilen gözyaşı menisküs parametrelerine (GMP) etkisinin nazal septum deviasyonu (NSD) olan hastalarda araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç-Yöntem: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Göz Hastalıkları kliniğinde Aralık 2023 - Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında Kulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları (KBB) kliniği tarafından PBT istenmiş 69 hastanın GMP'den alt gözyaşı menisküs yüksekliği (AGMY) (μm) ve alt gözyaşı menisküs alanı (AGMA) (mm2) ön segment OKT ile prospektif olarak ölçülerek kaydedildi. Hastaların PBT görüntüleri incelenerek NSD yönü ve açısı, konka nazalis inferior medial mukoza kalınlığı (KNİ-MMK), konka nazalis inferior lateral mukoza kalınlığı (KNİ-LMK), konka nazalis inferior kemik kalınlığı (KNİ-KK), bağlanma açısı, konka nazalis inferior ile maxiller sinüs (KNİ-MS) arasındaki açı, konka nazalis inferior (KNİ) maksimum yüksekliği, KNİ uzunluğu, nazolakrimal kanal (NLK) en kısa transvers çapı, NLK uzunluğu, meatus nazi inferior volümü (MNİV) ve total nazal kavite volümü (NKV) ölçüldü. Bu parametrelerle deviasyon tarafı (DT) ve kontralateral taraftaki (KT) GMP arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 34'ü (%49,28) kadın, 35'i (%50,72) erkek olmakla birlikte toplamda 69 hastanın 138 gözü incelendi. Hastalar 18-59 yaş arasındaydı ve yaş ortalamaları totalde 32,19±11,89 (18-59) yıl idi. NSD olan hastalarda DT'de KNİ mak. yüksekliği, MNİV ve NKV KT'ye göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek iken (p=0,02; p<0,0001 ve p<0,0001); KT'de KNİ-MMK, KNİ-LMK, KNİ-KK, bağlanma açısı, KNİ-MS açısı, NLK en kısa çapı, KNİ uzunluğu DT'ye göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,0001; p<0,0001, p=0,03, p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,0001). NSD olan hastalarda DT'de AGMY ve AGMA değerlerinin KT'ye göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,0001; p<0,0001). DT'deki AGMY ile DT'deki KNİ-KK, bağlanma açısı, KNİ-MS açısı, KNİ uzunluğu, MNİV arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (p=0,014; p<0,0001; p<0,001; p=0,018; p=0,002). DT'deki AGMA ile DT'deki KNİ-KK, bağlanma açısı, KNİ-MS açısı, KNİ maksimum yüksekliği, KNİ uzunluğu, MNİV, NKV arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür (p=0,027; p=0,008; p=0,004; p=0,048; p=0,036; p=0,024; p=0,029). KT nazal parametreler ile KT AGMY ve KT AGMA arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır. Tartışma ve Sonuç: NSD'nin karşı tarafında kompensatuar hipertrofiye bağlı olarak KNİ parametrelerinde DT'ye göre artış farkedilmiştir. MNİV ve NKV değerlerinin de bu değişimden etkilenerek DT'de KT'ye göre daha büyük olduğu görülmüştür. GMP'lerin DT'da daha büyük olmasının DT'deki KT'ye göre daha küçük olan MNİV ile Bernoulli prensibi ışığında açıklanabileceği düşünülmüştür. DT' deki GMP ve DT'daki bazı nazal parametrelerin pozitif korele olması bu parametrelerin ileride gelişebilecek olası primer edinilmiş nazolakrimal kanal tıkanıklığı (PANDO) etyopatogenezinde etkili olabileceğini düşündürebilir.
Purpose: To investigate the effect of intranasal anatomy and morphology on tear meniscus parameters (GMP) obtained by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) evaluated by Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography (PBT). Materials-Methods: Lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (μm) and lower tear meniscus area (LTMA) (mm2) were prospectively evaluated from GMP in 69 patients who had PBT images ordered by Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology between December 2023 - May 2024. PBT images of the patients were analysed, and the direction and angle of nasal septum deviation (NSD), concha nasalis inferior medial mucosa thickness (CNI-MMK), concha nasalis inferior lateral mucosa thickness (CNI-LMK), concha nasalis inferior bone thickness (CNI-KK), attachment angle, the angle between the concha nasalis inferior and maxillary sinus (CNI-MS), maximum height of the concha nasalis inferior (CNI), length of the CNI, narrowest transverse diameter of the nasolacrimal duct (NLC), length of the NLC, meatus nasi inferior volume (MNIV) and total nasal cavity volume (NCV) were measured. The relationship between GMP obtained by anterior segment OCT on the side of NSD and contralateral (CT) side was analysed by these measurements. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 34 (49.28%) were female and 35 (50.72%) were male. 138 eyes of 69 patients were analysed in total. Patients were between 18-59 years of age and the mean age was 32.19±11.89 (18-59) years. In patients with NSD, CNI max. height, MNIV and NKV were significantly higher in DT compared to CT (p=0.02; p<0.0001 and p<0.0001); CNI-MMK, CNI-LMK, CNI-KK, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, shortest diameter of NLK, and length of CNI were significantly higher in CT than in DT (p<0.0001; p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.03, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.001, p<0.0001). In patients with NSD, AGMY and AGMA values were found to be significantly higher in DT than in CT (p<0.0001; p<0.0001). Significant positive correlation was found between AGMY in DT and CNI-CT, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, CNI length, MNIV in DT (p=0.014; p<0.0001; p<0.001; p=0.018; p=0.002). There was a significant positive correlation between AGMA in DT and CNI-KK, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, maximum height of CNI, length of CNI, MNIV, NKV in DT (p=0,027; p=0,008; p=0,004; p=0,048; p=0,036; p=0,024; p=0,029). No correlation was found between CT nasal parameters and CT AGMY and CT AGMA. Conclusion: On the opposite side of the NSD, an increase in CNI parameters due to compensatory hypertrophy was noticed compared to DT. MNIV and NKV values were also affected by this alterations and were found to be larger in DT than in CT. It was thought that the larger GMPs in DT could be explained in the light of Bernoulli's principle with the smaller MNIV in DT compared to CT. The positive correlation between GMP in DT and some nasal parameters in DT may suggest that these parameters may be effective in the etiopathogenesis of possible future primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).
Purpose: To investigate the effect of intranasal anatomy and morphology on tear meniscus parameters (GMP) obtained by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) evaluated by Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography (PBT). Materials-Methods: Lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (μm) and lower tear meniscus area (LTMA) (mm2) were prospectively evaluated from GMP in 69 patients who had PBT images ordered by Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology between December 2023 - May 2024. PBT images of the patients were analysed, and the direction and angle of nasal septum deviation (NSD), concha nasalis inferior medial mucosa thickness (CNI-MMK), concha nasalis inferior lateral mucosa thickness (CNI-LMK), concha nasalis inferior bone thickness (CNI-KK), attachment angle, the angle between the concha nasalis inferior and maxillary sinus (CNI-MS), maximum height of the concha nasalis inferior (CNI), length of the CNI, narrowest transverse diameter of the nasolacrimal duct (NLC), length of the NLC, meatus nasi inferior volume (MNIV) and total nasal cavity volume (NCV) were measured. The relationship between GMP obtained by anterior segment OCT on the side of NSD and contralateral (CT) side was analysed by these measurements. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 34 (49.28%) were female and 35 (50.72%) were male. 138 eyes of 69 patients were analysed in total. Patients were between 18-59 years of age and the mean age was 32.19±11.89 (18-59) years. In patients with NSD, CNI max. height, MNIV and NKV were significantly higher in DT compared to CT (p=0.02; p<0.0001 and p<0.0001); CNI-MMK, CNI-LMK, CNI-KK, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, shortest diameter of NLK, and length of CNI were significantly higher in CT than in DT (p<0.0001; p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.03, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p<0.001, p<0.0001). In patients with NSD, AGMY and AGMA values were found to be significantly higher in DT than in CT (p<0.0001; p<0.0001). Significant positive correlation was found between AGMY in DT and CNI-CT, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, CNI length, MNIV in DT (p=0.014; p<0.0001; p<0.001; p=0.018; p=0.002). There was a significant positive correlation between AGMA in DT and CNI-KK, attachment angle, CNI-MS angle, maximum height of CNI, length of CNI, MNIV, NKV in DT (p=0,027; p=0,008; p=0,004; p=0,048; p=0,036; p=0,024; p=0,029). No correlation was found between CT nasal parameters and CT AGMY and CT AGMA. Conclusion: On the opposite side of the NSD, an increase in CNI parameters due to compensatory hypertrophy was noticed compared to DT. MNIV and NKV values were also affected by this alterations and were found to be larger in DT than in CT. It was thought that the larger GMPs in DT could be explained in the light of Bernoulli's principle with the smaller MNIV in DT compared to CT. The positive correlation between GMP in DT and some nasal parameters in DT may suggest that these parameters may be effective in the etiopathogenesis of possible future primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).
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