Assessment of Emergency Gathering Points and Temporary Shelter Areas for Disaster Resilience in Elazığ, Turkey

Abstract

Cities are profoundly vulnerable to the impacts of disasters due to their densely populated nature. Consequently, strategies are being formulated to optimize resource utilization within urban areas and their immediate surroundings. Resilient cities constitute a key facet of these strategies, capable of adapting to and enduring the pressures arising from social, economic, and environmental adversities. The establishment of resilient cities often involves the identification of emergency gathering and shelter sites to mitigate the potential aftermath of disasters and emergencies. In Turkey, such sites are designated by the Provincial Directorates under the aegis of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD). These designations are guided by specific criteria. The present study focused on the suitability and selection of 95 emergency gathering points and 4 temporary shelter locations in Elazig, situated within Turkey's East Anatolian Fault Zone. For this analysis, the ArcGIS Pro software (ESRI 2021) was employed to assess the distribution, area sizes, and accessibility of open and green spaces earmarked as emergency gathering points across the city. Additionally, the Service Area Analysis was leveraged to delineate the utility of these sites during and following disaster scenarios. The findings of the analysis unveiled several noteworthy insights. It was evident that in Elazig, a city with a population of 381,153, meeting areas were deficient in terms of both quantity and size across 38 neighborhoods. Furthermore, almost half of the designated assembly points fell short in terms of optimal location and accessibility. Moreover, the study revealed inadequacies in the number, capacity, and accessibility of disaster shelter locations. These revelations underline the imperative for more comprehensive and effective planning to bolster the resilience of cities in the face of potential disasters.