Publication: Kirlenmiş Ortamlardaki Aromatik Hidrokarbonların Gideriminin İncelenmesi
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KİRLENMİŞ ORTAMLARDAKİ AROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN GİDERİMİNİN İNCELENMESİÖZBu çalışmada, endüstriyel atıksuların çoğunda mevcut olan aromatik hidrokarbon kirleticilerden olan fenollerin, sulardan biyosorpsiyon yöntemi ile gideriminde üç tür biyokütlenin fenol giderim kapasitelerinin karşılaştırılması, mikroorganizmaların ön işlemlerden geçirilmesinin fenol giderimine etkisi, biyosorpsiyona ortam koşullarının etkisi, 2,4,6-triklorofenol giderimi, fenol desorpsiyonu, biyosorbent rejenerasyonu, kesikli sistem çalışmalarının sürekli sisteme (sabit yataklı adsorpsiyon kolonu) uyarlanması ve otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundan fenol giderimi çalışmaları yapılmıştır.Fenol gideriminde kullanılan Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus ve aktif çamur biyokütleleri, üç farklı yöntem ile ön işlemden geçirilmiştir. Bu yöntemler; H2SO4 ile, NaOH ile ve sadece otoklavda ön işlemden geçirilme yöntemleridir. Her üç biyokütle ile kesikli sistemde fenol giderimi için optimum ortam şartları belirlenmiştir. 50 mg/L konsantrasyonunda fenol içeren sentetik atıksudan fenol gideriminde, en etkili biyokütlenin sülfürik asitle ön işlemden geçirilmiş A. niger biyokütlesi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Biyokütlelerin fenol giderim verimleri şu şekilde sıralanmıştır; A. niger (%90)>R. arrhizus (%50)>Aktif çamur (%45). 2,4,6-triklorofenol arıtımında en iyi giderimi sülfürik asitle ön işlemden geçirilmiş A. niger biyosorbenti sağlamıştır. 2,4,6-triklorofenolün en yüksek giderim verimi %90 olarak belirlenmiştir. Otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundan kesikli sistemde fenol giderimini incelemek amacıyla sülfürik asitle ön işlemden geçirilmiş A. niger biyokütlesi kullanılmıştır. Optimum şartlarda 60 dakikalık bir arıtım sonucu %80 verimle fenol giderilmiştir. Otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundan fenol gideriminde, biyokütlenin en yüksek fenol biyosorplama kapasitesi (q) 59,76 mg/g olarak belirlenmiştir.Sürekli sistemde, sülfürik asitle ön işlemden geçirilmiş A. niger biyosorbenti içeren dolgulu kolonda fenol giderimi için optimum arıtım parametreleri (akış hızı ve yatak yüksekliği) belirlenmiştir. 50 mg/L konsantrasyonunda fenol içeren sentetik atıksudan %85, otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundan ise %70 fenol giderimi sağlanmıştır. Sürekli sistemde otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundan fenol gideriminde elde edilen verilerin Thomas modeline uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Biyosorbetin metanol çözeltisi (%30 (v/v)) ile rejenerasyonu başarılı olmuştur. Rejenere edilen biyosorbentin 3 kez fenol giderimde verimli şekilde kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak sulu çözeltilerden fenol gideriminde biyosorpsiyon yönteminin oldukça başarılı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca biyosorpsiyon yöntemi ile fenol gideriminde mikroorganizma türlerinin ve ön işlemden geçirilme yöntemlerinin fenol giderim verimlerini oldukça etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Otomotiv sanayi atıksuyundaki fenol konsantrasyonu hem kesikli sistemde hem de dolgulu kolonda yaklaşık olarak 10 mg/L'nin altına düşürülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Fenol giderimi, biyosorpsiyon, 2,4,6-triklorofenol giderimi, otomotiv sanayi, dolgulu kolon.
THE INVESTIGATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED MEDIAABSTRACTIn this study, removal of phenolics which are aromatic hydrocarbons pollutant, and present in the many of wastewater of industries, from aqueous solutions by biosorpstion have been investigated. Comparison phenol removal capacity of three types biomass, the effect of pretreatment in phenol removal, the effects of the media conditions on the biosorption of phenolics, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal, desorption of phenol, regeneration of biosorbent, application of batch system studies to continuous system (fixed bed adsorption column), and removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry have been investigated on the biosorption phenol.Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus and activated sludge biomass were used to remove phenol were pretreated in three different ways. These different ways were as follows: sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and only autoclaved. The optimum media conditions were determined in batch system to removal phenol. Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was the most effective, in the removal of phenol from the 50 mg/L phenol concentration synthetic wastewater. The removal phenol affinity order is as follows: A. niger (90%)>R. arrhizus (50%)>activated sludge (45%). Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was the most effective to remove 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The most removal efficiency of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was obtained as 90%. Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was used for removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry in batch system. The removal phenol efficiency was obtained in the first sixty minutes of the treatment as 80% in optimum conditions. The maximum biosorption of phenol onto biomass (q) was found to be 59,76 mg/g for removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industries.Optimum treatment (flow rate and column height) conditions were determined for removal phenolwith sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass in a continuous packed-bed column. The efficiencies of phenol removal from 50 mg/L phenol concentration synthetic wastewater and automotive industry wastewater were obtained as 85% and 70%, respectively. The fitting of the data obtained in continuous system for the phenol removal from automotive industry wastewater to the Thomas model was investigated. Regeneration of biomass was achieved using methanol solution (30% (v/v)). It was determined that the regenerated biomass was efficiently used for three cycles.Consequently, it was determined that phenol removal was achieved by biosorption method from aqueous solutions. In addition, it was determined that species of microorganisms and type of pretreatment rather effected phenol removal efficiency in phenol removal by biosorption. Concentration of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry decreased below roughly 10 mg/L in both batch and packed-column systems.Key Words: Phenol removal, biosorption, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal, automotive industry, packed-column.
THE INVESTIGATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED MEDIAABSTRACTIn this study, removal of phenolics which are aromatic hydrocarbons pollutant, and present in the many of wastewater of industries, from aqueous solutions by biosorpstion have been investigated. Comparison phenol removal capacity of three types biomass, the effect of pretreatment in phenol removal, the effects of the media conditions on the biosorption of phenolics, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal, desorption of phenol, regeneration of biosorbent, application of batch system studies to continuous system (fixed bed adsorption column), and removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry have been investigated on the biosorption phenol.Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus and activated sludge biomass were used to remove phenol were pretreated in three different ways. These different ways were as follows: sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and only autoclaved. The optimum media conditions were determined in batch system to removal phenol. Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was the most effective, in the removal of phenol from the 50 mg/L phenol concentration synthetic wastewater. The removal phenol affinity order is as follows: A. niger (90%)>R. arrhizus (50%)>activated sludge (45%). Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was the most effective to remove 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The most removal efficiency of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was obtained as 90%. Sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass was used for removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry in batch system. The removal phenol efficiency was obtained in the first sixty minutes of the treatment as 80% in optimum conditions. The maximum biosorption of phenol onto biomass (q) was found to be 59,76 mg/g for removal of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industries.Optimum treatment (flow rate and column height) conditions were determined for removal phenolwith sulfuric acid-treated Aspergillus niger biomass in a continuous packed-bed column. The efficiencies of phenol removal from 50 mg/L phenol concentration synthetic wastewater and automotive industry wastewater were obtained as 85% and 70%, respectively. The fitting of the data obtained in continuous system for the phenol removal from automotive industry wastewater to the Thomas model was investigated. Regeneration of biomass was achieved using methanol solution (30% (v/v)). It was determined that the regenerated biomass was efficiently used for three cycles.Consequently, it was determined that phenol removal was achieved by biosorption method from aqueous solutions. In addition, it was determined that species of microorganisms and type of pretreatment rather effected phenol removal efficiency in phenol removal by biosorption. Concentration of phenol from wastewaters of automotive industry decreased below roughly 10 mg/L in both batch and packed-column systems.Key Words: Phenol removal, biosorption, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal, automotive industry, packed-column.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2008
Libra Kayıt No: 65005
Libra Kayıt No: 65005
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