Publication: Uzun Mesafe Atletlerinin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık, Psikolojik Performans ve Hedef Yönelimlerinin Koşu Performansı Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı 18 yaş ve üzeri uzun mesafe koşularına katılan atletlerin zihinsel dayanıklılık, psikolojik performans ve hedef yönelimlerinin koşu performansı üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya, aktif spor yapan 125'i kadın ve 329'u erkek toplam 454 uzun mesafe atleti dahil edildi. Verilerin toplanmasında; 7 maddelik Demografik Bilgi Formu, 14 maddelik Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık, 42 maddelik Psikolojik Performans Envanteri ile ayrıca 13 maddelik Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri online formlar aracılığıyla dijital ortamda toplanmıştır. Bilgisayar ortamında istatistiki programlar sayesinde tabloları oluşturulan veriler analiz edilerek araştırmanın hipotezleri sınanmış ve araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda bilimsel çıkarımlar elde edilerek araştırma öneriler ile sonuçlandırılmıştır. Çalışmamıza katılan uzun mesafe atletlerinin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin; yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, spor yaşı ve millilik durumlarına göre istatistiki açıdan anlamlı farklılaştığı, koşu mesafesinin ise sadece güven alt boyutunda değişiklik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Psikolojik performans düzeylerinin yaş, eğitim durumu, spor yaşı, mesafe ve millilik durumlarına göre anlamlı farklılaştığı (p<0,05), cinsiyet düzeylerinde ise anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Hedef yönelimi puan ortalamalarının ise, eğitim durumu, spor yaşı ve millilik durumları görev yönelimi alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Ayrıca, ego yönelimi puan ortalamalarının; yaş, cinsiyet ve mesafe değişkenlerine göre şekillendiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Uzun mesafe atletlerinin zihinsel dayanıklılık, psikolojik performans ve hedef yönelimleri arasında ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılan korelasyon ve regresyon analizi sonucunda, mesafe atletlerinin zihinsel dayanıklılık, psikolojik performans ve hedef yönelimleri arasında ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, koşu performans düzeyleri ile zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki görülmezken, koşu performans düzeyleri ile psikolojik performans toplam puanları (r=,131) arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişki, koşu performans düzeyleri ile ego yönelimi (r=-,157) alt boyutunda ise düşük düzeyde negatif yönde ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, uzun mesafe atletlerinin zihinsel dayanıklılık, psikolojik performans ve hedef yönelimlerinin koşu performansları üzerine etkili olduğunu belirtmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda; sporcuların zihinsel dayanıklılık, psikolojik performans ve hedef yönelimi düzeylerinin yükselmesi durumunda koşu performansı düzeyleri de artmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Atletizm, hedef yönelimi, psikolojik performans, zihinsel dayanıklılık
The goal of this research is to examine the effects of mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of athletes aged 18 and above who are participating in long distance running on their running performance. A total of 454 long-distance athletes, 125 women and 329 men, were included in the study. For data collection, a 7-item Demographic Information Form, a 14-item Mental Endurance in Sports scale, a 42-item Psychological Performance Inventory scale, and a 13-item Task and Ego Orientation in Sports scale were used. The data of the research were collected digitally through online forms. The hypotheses of the research were tested by analysing the data whose tables were created by means of statistical programs in the computer environment, and the research was concluded with suggestions by obtaining scientific inferences in line with the aims of the research. Statistically, it was found that the mental endurance levels of the long-distance athletes participating in our study differed significantly according to age, gender, educational status, sports age and status of being a national athlete, whereas the running distance differed only in the sub-dimension of confidence (p<0.05). It was determined that psychological performance levels differed significantly according to age, educational status, sports age, distance and status of being a national athlete (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in gender levels. It was found that the point average of goal orientation differed significantly according to educational status, sports age and status of being a national athlete in the subscale of goal orientation (p<0.05). Additionally, it was determined that ego orientation score averages were shaped according to age, gender and distance variables (p<0.05). As a result of the correlation and regression analysis performed to determine the relationship between mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of long distance athletes, it was concluded that there is a link between mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of distance athletes. Besides, while there was no correlation between running performance levels and mental endurance levels, a low level of positive correlation was found between running performance levels and psychological performance total scores (r=.131), and a low negative relationship between running performance levels and ego orientation (e=-,157) subscale. As a result of the research, it is possible to argue that the mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of long-distance athletes are effective on their running performance. In this context, if the levels of mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientation of the athletes increase, a rise in their running performance level can be seen as well. Key Words: Athletics, goal orientation, psychological performance, mental endurance
The goal of this research is to examine the effects of mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of athletes aged 18 and above who are participating in long distance running on their running performance. A total of 454 long-distance athletes, 125 women and 329 men, were included in the study. For data collection, a 7-item Demographic Information Form, a 14-item Mental Endurance in Sports scale, a 42-item Psychological Performance Inventory scale, and a 13-item Task and Ego Orientation in Sports scale were used. The data of the research were collected digitally through online forms. The hypotheses of the research were tested by analysing the data whose tables were created by means of statistical programs in the computer environment, and the research was concluded with suggestions by obtaining scientific inferences in line with the aims of the research. Statistically, it was found that the mental endurance levels of the long-distance athletes participating in our study differed significantly according to age, gender, educational status, sports age and status of being a national athlete, whereas the running distance differed only in the sub-dimension of confidence (p<0.05). It was determined that psychological performance levels differed significantly according to age, educational status, sports age, distance and status of being a national athlete (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in gender levels. It was found that the point average of goal orientation differed significantly according to educational status, sports age and status of being a national athlete in the subscale of goal orientation (p<0.05). Additionally, it was determined that ego orientation score averages were shaped according to age, gender and distance variables (p<0.05). As a result of the correlation and regression analysis performed to determine the relationship between mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of long distance athletes, it was concluded that there is a link between mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of distance athletes. Besides, while there was no correlation between running performance levels and mental endurance levels, a low level of positive correlation was found between running performance levels and psychological performance total scores (r=.131), and a low negative relationship between running performance levels and ego orientation (e=-,157) subscale. As a result of the research, it is possible to argue that the mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientations of long-distance athletes are effective on their running performance. In this context, if the levels of mental endurance, psychological performance and goal orientation of the athletes increase, a rise in their running performance level can be seen as well. Key Words: Athletics, goal orientation, psychological performance, mental endurance
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