Publication: Yoğun Bakım Hastalarının İdrar Örneklerinden İzole Edilen Candida Türlerinde Biyofilm Oluşumunun ve Hwp1, Als1, Sap1 Genlerinin Varlığının Araştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Candida türleri belirli şartlarda fırsatçı patojen olarak çoğalıp hastalığa neden olan mantarlardır. Belirli yüzeye tutunarak oluşturdukları biyofilm patojenite faktörlerinden biridir. Çalışmamızda pediatrik ve erişkin yaş grubu yoğun bakım hastalarının idrar kültürlerinden elde edilen Candida izolatlarında biyofilm oluşumunun gösterilmesi, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genlerinin varlığının tespiti ve biyofilm ile aralarındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 2019-2024 yılları arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı'na erişkin ve pediatrik yoğun bakım ünitelerinden gönderilen idrar örneklerden izole edilen Candida izolatları (n=70) kullanıldı. Candida izolatlarında biyofilm oluşumu modifiye XTT redüksiyon yöntemi ile araştırıldı. HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genlerinin varlığının tespiti için PZR yapıldı. Bulgular: Üriner örneklerden elde edilen Candida izolatlarında (n=70) biyofilm oluşturma oranları %90 (n=63) bulundu. Erişkin ve pediatrik gruptan elde edilen izolatların biyofilm oluşturma oranları sırasıyla %97,1 ve %82,8 bulundu. ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 pozitifliği C. albicans' ta sırasıyla %69,6; %52,2; %69,6 bulunurken non-albicans Candida' da sırasıyla %8,5; %6,4; %6,4 bulundu. Bu üç genin varlığı C. albicans' ta non-albicans Candida' ya oranla daha yüksek tespit edilmiş olup aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,001). Tartışma ve Sonuç: ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 genlerinden en az birine sahip olan toplam 27 Candida izolatının 26' sında (%96,3) biyofilm üretimi mevcut olup bu üç genden bir veya birden fazlasının varlığında biyofilm oluşturan ve oluşturmayanlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,001). Bu ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir. Biyofilm oluşturan suşların tespiti ve biyofilm oluşumunu indükleyen genlerle ilişkisini anlamak uygun antifungal tedavide stratejik noktalardan biri olacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Candida, biyofilm, PZR
Objective: Candida species are fungi that multiply as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions and cause disease. The biofilm they form by adhering to certain surfaces is one of the pathogenicity factors. Our study aimed to demonstrate biofilm formation in Candida strains isolated from urine cultures of pediatric and adult intensive care patients, to detect the presence of HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to reveal the relationship between them and biofilm. Materials and Methods: In our study, Candida isolates (n=70) isolated from urine samples sent from adult and pediatric intensive care units to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2019- 2024 were used. Biofilm formation in Candida isolates was investigated by modified XTT reduction method. PCR was performed to detect the presence of HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genes. Results: Biofilm formation rates in Candida isolates obtained from urinary samples (n=70) were found to be 90% (n=63). Biofilm formation rates of isolates obtained from adult and pediatric groups were found to be 97.1% and 82.8%, respectively. ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 positivity were found to be 69.6%, 52.2%, 69.6% in C. albicans, while they were found to be 8.5%, 6.4%, 6.4% in non-albicans Candida, respectively. The presence of three genes was found to be higher in C. albicans than in non-albicans Candida, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Biofilm production was present in 26 (96.3%) of the 27 Candida isolates that had at least one of the ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 genes, and a statistically significant difference was found between those that formed biofilm and those that did not in the presence of one or more of these three genes (p<0.001). More comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate this relationship. Detection of biofilm-forming strains and understanding their relationship with genes that induce biofilm formation will be one of the strategic points in appropriate antifungal therapy. Keywords: Candida, Biofilm, PCR
Objective: Candida species are fungi that multiply as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions and cause disease. The biofilm they form by adhering to certain surfaces is one of the pathogenicity factors. Our study aimed to demonstrate biofilm formation in Candida strains isolated from urine cultures of pediatric and adult intensive care patients, to detect the presence of HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to reveal the relationship between them and biofilm. Materials and Methods: In our study, Candida isolates (n=70) isolated from urine samples sent from adult and pediatric intensive care units to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 2019- 2024 were used. Biofilm formation in Candida isolates was investigated by modified XTT reduction method. PCR was performed to detect the presence of HWP1, ALS1, SAP1 genes. Results: Biofilm formation rates in Candida isolates obtained from urinary samples (n=70) were found to be 90% (n=63). Biofilm formation rates of isolates obtained from adult and pediatric groups were found to be 97.1% and 82.8%, respectively. ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 positivity were found to be 69.6%, 52.2%, 69.6% in C. albicans, while they were found to be 8.5%, 6.4%, 6.4% in non-albicans Candida, respectively. The presence of three genes was found to be higher in C. albicans than in non-albicans Candida, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Biofilm production was present in 26 (96.3%) of the 27 Candida isolates that had at least one of the ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 genes, and a statistically significant difference was found between those that formed biofilm and those that did not in the presence of one or more of these three genes (p<0.001). More comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate this relationship. Detection of biofilm-forming strains and understanding their relationship with genes that induce biofilm formation will be one of the strategic points in appropriate antifungal therapy. Keywords: Candida, Biofilm, PCR
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