Publication: Biberiye Özütünün Biyodizel-Dizel Yakıt Karışımlarında Antioksidan Olarak Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Bu tezin amacı, biyodizel yakıtta sentetik (TBHQ ve BHT) ve doğal (biberiye özütü) antioksidanların oksidasyon kararlılığı üzerine etkinliğini incelemektir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında bulunan biyodizel yakıt karışımlarında, yaygın olarak ortaya çıkan oksidasyon sorunudur. Antioksidanlar, biyodizel yakıtların yaşlanma sürecini önleme ve oksitlenmesini geciktirmede kritik önem taşımaktadır. Bahse konu çalışma, oksitleme sorunu için iyileştirmeler önermektedir. Buhar destilasyon yöntemi ile biberiye özütü elde edilmiş, biberiye özütünün antioksidan aktivitesi incelenmiş ve gaz kromotografi (GC) sonucu göre önemli bileşenlerin; %11,81 oranla α-Pinene, %11,02 oranla β-Pinene, %8,66 oranla Limonene, %7,87 oranla Myrcene ve %7,48 oranla Camphene olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Deneysel verilere göre kullanım miktarı yüksek olan B20D80 yakıt karışımı üzerinden çalışmalar yürütülmüş ve antioksidanlar 2000 ppm- 3000 ppm- 4000 ppm miktarında kullanılmıştır. Karışım karakterizasyonu için Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektrofotometresi (FT-IR), Ultraviyole Görünür Bölge Spektroskopisi (UV-Vis), Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA), Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetri (DSC) şeklinde enstrümental analiz yöntemleri kullanılmış, oksidasyon kararlılığı analizi ve soğuk filtre tıkanma noktası analizi ile de termal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçlarına göre; biberiye özütünün antioksidan etkisi olduğu açıkça tespit edilmiştir. B20D803000B yakıt numunesinin optimum verimlilik sağladığı anlaşılmıştır. B20D803000B sonuçları; 2774-3019 cm-1 FT-IR dalga sayısı ile sentetik antioksidanlara göre yüksektir, 380 nm ile 440 nm UV-Vis dalga boyunda absorbans değerlerini arttırmıştır, başlangıç bozunma sıcaklığını 9,93 ˚C değerinde arttırmıştır ve kristallenme sıcaklığını 1,06 ˚C iyileştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, biberiye özütü ile piyasada bulunan sentetik ve pahalı antioksidan türlerine alternatif olarak, doğal ve ekonomik antioksidan kullanılabilirliğinin gösterilmesi hedeflenmiştir.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of synthetic (TBHQ and BHT) and natural (rosemary extract) antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel fuel. Oxidation is a common problem in biodiesel fuel blends, a renewable energy source. Antioxidants are critical in preventing the aging process and delaying oxidation in biodiesel fuels. This study proposes improvements to address this oxidation problem. Rosemary extract was obtained by steam distillation method, the antioxidant activity of the rosemary extract was examined and according to the gas chromatography (GC) result, the important components were determined as α-Pinene with 11.81%, β-Pinene with 11.02%, Limonene with 8.66%, Myrcene with 7.87% and Camphene with 7.48%. Studies were conducted on the B20D80 fuel blend, which has a high usage rate based on experimental data, and antioxidants were used at levels of 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 4000 ppm. Instrumental analysis methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), were used for blend characterization. Thermal properties were also investigated through oxidation stability analysis and cold filter plugging point analysis. According to the analysis results, it was clearly determined that rosemary extract has an antioxidant effect. It was understood that the B20D803000B fuel sample provided optimum efficiency. B20D803000B results; with a FT-IR wavenumber of 2774-3019 cm-1, it is higher than synthetic antioxidants, increased absorbance values at UV-Vis wavelengths of 380 nm and 440 nm, increased the initial decomposition temperature by 9.93 ˚C, and improved the crystallization temperature by 1.06 ˚C. As a result, it was aimed to demonstrate the usability of natural and economical antioxidants with rosemary extract as an alternative to synthetic and expensive antioxidant types available on the market.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of synthetic (TBHQ and BHT) and natural (rosemary extract) antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel fuel. Oxidation is a common problem in biodiesel fuel blends, a renewable energy source. Antioxidants are critical in preventing the aging process and delaying oxidation in biodiesel fuels. This study proposes improvements to address this oxidation problem. Rosemary extract was obtained by steam distillation method, the antioxidant activity of the rosemary extract was examined and according to the gas chromatography (GC) result, the important components were determined as α-Pinene with 11.81%, β-Pinene with 11.02%, Limonene with 8.66%, Myrcene with 7.87% and Camphene with 7.48%. Studies were conducted on the B20D80 fuel blend, which has a high usage rate based on experimental data, and antioxidants were used at levels of 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 4000 ppm. Instrumental analysis methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), were used for blend characterization. Thermal properties were also investigated through oxidation stability analysis and cold filter plugging point analysis. According to the analysis results, it was clearly determined that rosemary extract has an antioxidant effect. It was understood that the B20D803000B fuel sample provided optimum efficiency. B20D803000B results; with a FT-IR wavenumber of 2774-3019 cm-1, it is higher than synthetic antioxidants, increased absorbance values at UV-Vis wavelengths of 380 nm and 440 nm, increased the initial decomposition temperature by 9.93 ˚C, and improved the crystallization temperature by 1.06 ˚C. As a result, it was aimed to demonstrate the usability of natural and economical antioxidants with rosemary extract as an alternative to synthetic and expensive antioxidant types available on the market.
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