Publication: Çocukluk Çağı Akut Lösemi Olgularının Geriye Dönük İncelenmesi
Abstract
ÖZET Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Pediatrik Hematoloji Bölümünde Ocak 1992-Ocak 2002 tarihleri arasında akut lösemi tanısı konularak tedavileri yapılan 171 hasta, tanı sırasındaki yakınmaları, fizik muayene bulguları, tedavi protokolleri ve bunlardan yaşam süresine etkili olan faktörler açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. 121 ALL ve 50 AML'li hastadan oluşan çalışma grubundaki olguların 92'si- erkek, 79'u kızdı. Yaş ortalaması 7,4±4,2 yıl idi. Yaş ortalaması ALL'li hasta grubunda belirgin olarak düşüktü. En sık rastlanan başvuru semptomu sıklık sırasına göre halsizlik, ateş ve solukluktu. LAP, organomegali ve vena cava superior sendromu ALL'li olgularda AML'li olgulara göre belirgin olarak daha sık görülürken, kanamaya AML'li hasta grubunda daha fazla rastlandı. Yaşam süresine etkili olduğu düşünülen faktörler cox regresyon modeli ile değerlendirildi. Erken remisyona girme ve beyaz küre sayısının AML'li grupta <100000/mm3 olmasının yaşam şansını olumlu yönde etkilediği, diğer faktörlerden yaş, cinsiyet, hemoglobin ve trombosit sayısı ile periferik kandaki blast oranlarının yaşam süresi üzerine etkili olmadığı görüldü. Otuzuncu güne ulaşan hastaların remisyona girme oranları ALL'de %90,3, AML'de %62,5 olarak bulundu. Remisyona girmeyen rezistan olgulardan tedavinin ileri aşamalarında remisyona girenler oldu. Bunlardan ALL'li bir ve AML'li üç hasta tedavisini başarıyla tamamladı. Bu olgularla birlikte remisyon oranları ALL için %91,1 AML için %70'e yükseldi. Tanı sırasında HbsAg pozitifliği %2,7 olarak saptandı. Tanı anında serolojisi negatif olan olguların izlemlerinde %42,6'sının, HbsAg değerlerinin pozitifleştiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak yaşam süresine etkili en önemli faktörün tam remisyonun 14. günde sağlanması olduğu saptandı. Bu nedenle tam remisyon sağlanmasında önemli olan faktörlerin prognoz açısından da önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Tedavi öncesinde olguların laboratuvar ve klinik bulguları değiştirilemeyeceği için, daha etkin ama daha az toksik kemoterapi şemalarının kullanılması ve destekleyici tedaviye daha fazla önem verilmesi ile yaşam süresinin uzatılabileceği düşünüldü. Uzun dönem izlemde karşımıza çıkabilecek problemlerden en sık gördüğümüz hepatit B enfeksiyon riskini azaltmaya yönelik tedbirlerin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi planlandı. VI
SUMMARY In this study, the patients admitted to Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology between January 1 992 and January 2002, diagnosed as acute leukemia and treated were retrospectively evaluated according to their symptomatology, physical examination findings and treatment protocols and factors that affect their survival. The total number of patients included in this study was 171 with 121 ALL and 50 AML, 92 male and 79 female, and the mean age of 7.4±4.2 years. The mean age of the ALL cases was evidently low. On admission, the most frequent symptoms were fatigue, fewer and pallor. On the physical examination, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and vena cava superior syndrome were found more frequently in ALL cases compared to AML cases. In contrast, bleeding was more frequent in AML cases compared to ALL cases. The factors that affect their survival were assessed by cox regression model. Successful induction of remission and white blood cell count below 100000/mm3 of the AML cases were related to their survivals, whereas other factors such as age, sex, percentage of blast on peripheral blood smear and platelet count were not associated with their survivals. 1 13 of ALL cases and 40 of AML cases reached 30th day and their remission rates were 90.3% for ALL and 62.5% for AML. The patients who were not into remission accepted as resistant. Of these patients, only four cases completed their treatment successfully. Therefore, the total remission rates increased to 91.1% for ALL and 70.0% for AML cases. At the time of diagnosis, HbsAg positivity ratio was 2.7%. During the treatment, HbsAg positivity ratio was increased to 42.6% in serologically negative cases. In conclusion, achieving the remission in 14 day was the best predictor of their survivals. Therefore, it is suggested that, the factors that influence the remission might also play a role in their prognosis. Because it is impossible to change their laboratory and clinical findings in the pre-treatment period it is suggested that using less toxic but more effective chemotherapy protocols and supportive therapy may prolong their life expectancy. Moreover, the reasons for high hepatitis B frequency must be investigated and necessary emergency precautions must be taken. VII
SUMMARY In this study, the patients admitted to Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology between January 1 992 and January 2002, diagnosed as acute leukemia and treated were retrospectively evaluated according to their symptomatology, physical examination findings and treatment protocols and factors that affect their survival. The total number of patients included in this study was 171 with 121 ALL and 50 AML, 92 male and 79 female, and the mean age of 7.4±4.2 years. The mean age of the ALL cases was evidently low. On admission, the most frequent symptoms were fatigue, fewer and pallor. On the physical examination, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and vena cava superior syndrome were found more frequently in ALL cases compared to AML cases. In contrast, bleeding was more frequent in AML cases compared to ALL cases. The factors that affect their survival were assessed by cox regression model. Successful induction of remission and white blood cell count below 100000/mm3 of the AML cases were related to their survivals, whereas other factors such as age, sex, percentage of blast on peripheral blood smear and platelet count were not associated with their survivals. 1 13 of ALL cases and 40 of AML cases reached 30th day and their remission rates were 90.3% for ALL and 62.5% for AML. The patients who were not into remission accepted as resistant. Of these patients, only four cases completed their treatment successfully. Therefore, the total remission rates increased to 91.1% for ALL and 70.0% for AML cases. At the time of diagnosis, HbsAg positivity ratio was 2.7%. During the treatment, HbsAg positivity ratio was increased to 42.6% in serologically negative cases. In conclusion, achieving the remission in 14 day was the best predictor of their survivals. Therefore, it is suggested that, the factors that influence the remission might also play a role in their prognosis. Because it is impossible to change their laboratory and clinical findings in the pre-treatment period it is suggested that using less toxic but more effective chemotherapy protocols and supportive therapy may prolong their life expectancy. Moreover, the reasons for high hepatitis B frequency must be investigated and necessary emergency precautions must be taken. VII
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