Publication: Hidradenitis Süpürativa Hastalarında Subklinik Ateroskleroz Varlığının Akım Aracılı Dilatasyon Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi, Metabolik Sendrom Komponentleri ve İnflamatuar Markerlarla Korelasyonunun Saptanması
Abstract
Giriş ve Amaç: Hidradenitis süpürativa (HS) çoklu komorbiditelerle ilişkili kronik sistemik inflamatuvar bir hastalık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kronik inflamatuar hastalıklarda aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) riskinin arttığı birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Kronik inflamasyonun bu olumsuz etkisinin ağır bir inflamatuar yüke sahip HS'de büyük oranda ortaya çıkabileceği düşünülmektedir. Endotel disfonksiyonunun aterosklerotik hastalıklarda ilk basamak olduğu bilinmektedir. Akım aracılı dilatasyon (FMD) testi, endotel fonksiyonunu değerlendiren basit, ultrasonografik non-invaziv bir yöntemdir. Çalışmamızın birincil amacı, HS hastalarında subklinikateroskleroz varlığını FMD yöntemi ile değerlendirmektir. Çalışmamızın ikincil amaçları ise, HS hastaları ve kontrol grubu arasında inflamasyon göstergeleri olan yüksek duyarlıklı c-reaktif protein (Hs-CRP), eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (ESH) ve nötrofil lenfosit oranı (NLO) değerlerini karşılaştırmak, inflamasyon göstergeleri ve FMD'nin hastalık şiddeti ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi olup olmadığını değerlendirmek ve HS ile metabolik sendrom (MetS) arasındaki ilişkiyi gözden geçirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Haziran 2023- Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıkları Kliniği'nde takip edilen HS tanısı olan 60 hasta ve 60 sağlıklı gönüllü birey dahil edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılar 18-65 yaşları arasındaydı ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşıladı. HS hastalığında hastalık şiddetini değerlendirmek için Hurley evrelemesi kullanıldı Hurley evre 1, 2 ve 3'ten 20'şer hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcıların demografik verileri, sigara kullanımları, geçmiş tıbbi öyküleri, aile öyküleri, hastalık süresi veri formuna kaydedildi. Laboratuvar tetkikleri olarak hemogram, açlık glukoz, total kolesterol (TK), düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) kolesterol, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) kolesterol, trigliserid (TG), ESH, Hs-CRP, NLO değerleri ölçüldü. Serum HS-CRP düzeyi SIEMENS PP HS CRP 625 T kiti kullanılarak Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemiyle belirlendi. Sistolik kan basıncı (SKB), diyastolik kan basıncı (DKB), bel çevresi, vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ) ve vücut kompozisyon ölçümleri yapıldı. Subklinik ateroskleroz varlığı açısından yapılan FMD yöntemi tek bir radyolog tarafından Mindray Resona İ9 ultrasonografi cihazı ve 3-14 MHz lineer transdüser kullanılarak uygulandı. Bulgular: Gruplar yaş ve cinsiyet açısından benzerdi. Kilo, VKİ, bel çevresi, vücut yağ ağırlığı ve yağ oranı hasta grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı yüksekti (p<0,05). Boy, SKB, DKB, kemik ağırlığı, kas ağırlığı, visceral yağ ağırlığı, metabolik yaş açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Hasta grubunda kontrollere göre HDL ve TK anlamlı daha düşüktü (p<0,05). TG ve LDL açısından anlamlı farklılık izlenmedi (p>0,05). İnflamasyon belirteçleri olan Hs-CRP, ESH ve NLO hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı daha yüksekti (p<0,05). Hs-CRP ve ESH değerlerinde hastalık evreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık vardı (p<0,05). NLO değerinde hastalık evreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p>0,05). MetS hasta grubunda 19 kişi (%32), kontrol grubunda 9 kişide (%15) vardı ve hasta grubunda anlamlı daha yüksekti (p=0,031). Hurley evre 1'de 1 hasta, Hurley evre 2'de 6 hasta, Hurley evre 3'te 12 hastada MetS vardı. Hastaların FMD değeri kontrollere göre anlamlı daha düşüktü (p<0,001). FMD değeri Hurley evre 2 ve 3 grubunda Hurley evre 1 grubuna göre anlamlı daha düşüktü (p<0,05). FMD değerinin düşük olan birey sayısı iki eşik değer (literatürde %10 ve %7,1) baz alındığında da hasta grubunda, kontrol grubuna göre fazla olması istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0,001). Hastalık süresi ile FMD arasında negatif yönde, orta güçte ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon vardı (r=-0,280, p=0,030). Hs-CRP ve NLO'nun FMD ile arasında negatif yönde, orta güçte ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon vardı (sırasıyla r=-0,318, p=0,013 ve r=-0,323, p=0,012). Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamız HS'li hastalarda subklinik ateroskleroz sıklığının arttığını göstermektedir. HS potansiyel olarak artmış KVH ilişkili bir hastalık olarak düşünülmelidir. Çalışmamızda HS'li hastalarda gözlenen aktif sigara içme, obezite, metabolik sendrom gibi geleneksel kardiovasküler risk faktörlerinin daha yüksek prevalansı aterogenezin hızlanmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Ayrıca çalışmamızda tespit edilen hastalık süresi ile FMD arasındaki anlamlı negatif korelasyon HS'ye bağlı kalıcı kronik inflamasyonun aterogenezi hızlandırdığını düşündürmektedir. Bu durum da HS'nin kendisinin, diğer kronik inflamatuar hastalıklar gibi ateroskleroz için bağımsız bir risk faktörü olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Introduction and Aim: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is recognized as a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with multiple comorbidities. Many studies have shown an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic inflammatory diseases. It is thought that this negative effect of chronic inflammation may occur to a great extent in HS with a heavy inflammatory burden. Endothelial dysfunction is known to be the first step in atherosclerotic diseases. The flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test is a simple, ultrasonographic non-invasive method to assess endothelial function. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in HS patients by FMD method. The secondary aims of our study were to compare the values of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which are inflammation markers, between HS patients and the control group, to evaluate whether inflammation markers and FMD are significantly associated with disease severity and to review the relationship between HS and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Our study included 60 patients with HS and 60 healthy volunteers who were followed up in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Skin and Venereal Diseases Clinic between June 2023 and January 2024. All participants were aged between 18-65 years and met the inclusion criteria. Hurley staging was used to assess disease severity in HS disease. 20 patients each from Hurley stages 1, 2 and 3 were included in the study. Demographic data, smoking, past medical history, family history, and disease duration of all participants were recorded on the data form. Hemogram, fasting glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), ESR, Hs-CRP, NLO values were measured as laboratory tests. Serum HS-CRP level was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method using SIEMENS PP HS CRP 625 T kit. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and body composition were measured. FMD method for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis performed by a single radiologist using a Mindray Resona I9 ultrasonography device and a 3-14 MHz linear transducer. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat weight and body fat ratio were significantly higher in the patient group compared to controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of height, SBP, DBP, bone weight, muscle weight, visceral fat weight, metabolic age (p>0.05). HDL and TC were significantly lower in the patient group compared to controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in terms of TG and LDL (p>0.05). Inflammation markers Hs-CRP, ESR and NLO were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (respectively p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.024). There was a significant difference in Hs-CRP and ESR values between disease stages (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in NLO value between disease stages (p>0.05). MetS was present in 19 (32%) in the patient group and 9 (15%) in the control group and was significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.031). MetS was present in 1 patient in Hurley Stage 1, 6 patients in Hurley Stage 2 and 12 patients in Hurley Stage 3. FMD value of the patients was significantly lower than the controls (p<0.001). FMD value was significantly lower in Hurley Stage 2 and 3 group compared to Hurley Stage 1 group (p<0.05). Considering the two threshold values (10% and 7.1% in the literature), the number of individuals with low FMD values was higher in the patient group than in the control group, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a negative, moderately strong and statistically significant correlation between disease duration and FMD (r=-0.280, p=0.030). Hs-CRP and NLO were negatively, moderately strong and statistically significant correlated with FMD (r=-0.318, p=0.013 and r=-0.323, p=0.012, respectively). Discussion and Conclusion: Our study shows an increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with HS. HS should be considered as a potentially increased CVD-related disease. The higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as active smoking, obesity and metabolic syndrome observed in patients with HS in our study may contribute to accelerated atherogenesis. Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between disease duration and FMD found in our study suggests that persistent chronic inflammation due to HS accelerates atherogenesis. This suggests that HS itself, like other chronic inflammatory diseases, may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Introduction and Aim: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is recognized as a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with multiple comorbidities. Many studies have shown an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic inflammatory diseases. It is thought that this negative effect of chronic inflammation may occur to a great extent in HS with a heavy inflammatory burden. Endothelial dysfunction is known to be the first step in atherosclerotic diseases. The flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test is a simple, ultrasonographic non-invasive method to assess endothelial function. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in HS patients by FMD method. The secondary aims of our study were to compare the values of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which are inflammation markers, between HS patients and the control group, to evaluate whether inflammation markers and FMD are significantly associated with disease severity and to review the relationship between HS and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Our study included 60 patients with HS and 60 healthy volunteers who were followed up in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Skin and Venereal Diseases Clinic between June 2023 and January 2024. All participants were aged between 18-65 years and met the inclusion criteria. Hurley staging was used to assess disease severity in HS disease. 20 patients each from Hurley stages 1, 2 and 3 were included in the study. Demographic data, smoking, past medical history, family history, and disease duration of all participants were recorded on the data form. Hemogram, fasting glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), ESR, Hs-CRP, NLO values were measured as laboratory tests. Serum HS-CRP level was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method using SIEMENS PP HS CRP 625 T kit. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and body composition were measured. FMD method for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis performed by a single radiologist using a Mindray Resona I9 ultrasonography device and a 3-14 MHz linear transducer. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat weight and body fat ratio were significantly higher in the patient group compared to controls (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of height, SBP, DBP, bone weight, muscle weight, visceral fat weight, metabolic age (p>0.05). HDL and TC were significantly lower in the patient group compared to controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in terms of TG and LDL (p>0.05). Inflammation markers Hs-CRP, ESR and NLO were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (respectively p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.024). There was a significant difference in Hs-CRP and ESR values between disease stages (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in NLO value between disease stages (p>0.05). MetS was present in 19 (32%) in the patient group and 9 (15%) in the control group and was significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.031). MetS was present in 1 patient in Hurley Stage 1, 6 patients in Hurley Stage 2 and 12 patients in Hurley Stage 3. FMD value of the patients was significantly lower than the controls (p<0.001). FMD value was significantly lower in Hurley Stage 2 and 3 group compared to Hurley Stage 1 group (p<0.05). Considering the two threshold values (10% and 7.1% in the literature), the number of individuals with low FMD values was higher in the patient group than in the control group, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a negative, moderately strong and statistically significant correlation between disease duration and FMD (r=-0.280, p=0.030). Hs-CRP and NLO were negatively, moderately strong and statistically significant correlated with FMD (r=-0.318, p=0.013 and r=-0.323, p=0.012, respectively). Discussion and Conclusion: Our study shows an increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with HS. HS should be considered as a potentially increased CVD-related disease. The higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as active smoking, obesity and metabolic syndrome observed in patients with HS in our study may contribute to accelerated atherogenesis. Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between disease duration and FMD found in our study suggests that persistent chronic inflammation due to HS accelerates atherogenesis. This suggests that HS itself, like other chronic inflammatory diseases, may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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