Publication: Isıl İşlem Uygulanmış Kuyruk Yağının Depolanma Stabilitesinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada ısıl işlem uygulanmış koyun kuyruk yağının (sade kuyruk yağı) depolanma stabilitesinin belirlenmesi için taze ve sade kuyruk yağlarının çeşitli fiziksel, kimyasal ve teknolojik özellikleri ile bu özellikler üzerine farklı depolama süresi, depolama sıcaklıkları ve tuz, antioksidan kullanımının etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada Karayaka ırkı koyunlardan elde edilen kuyruk yağları kullanılmış olup ısıl işlem uygulamasıyla bu yağlardan sade kuyruk yağı elde edilmiş ardından tuz ve antioksidan ilavesiyle sade tuzlu kuyruk yağı ve sade katkılı kuyruk yağı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen örnekler cam kavanozda 25 ºC, +4 ºC ve -18 ºC'de 90 gün süreyle depolanmıştır. Taze kuyruk yağında nem, protein, yağ ve kül miktarları sırasıyla %11.2, %3.47, %85.0 ve %0.07 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sade kuyruk yağında ise nem miktarı %0.4, protein miktarı %2.98, yağ miktarı %96.0 ve kül miktarı %0.05 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kuyruk yağlarında belirlenen kolesterol miktarı ise taze kuyruk yağında 60 mg/100g, sade kuyruk yağında 58 mg/100g olarak belirlenmiştir. Yağların pH değerleri ise taze örneklerde 5.7, sade örneklerde 6.2 olarak saptanmıştır. Örneklerin yağ asidi bileşimleri incelenmiş olup taze ve sade kuyruk yağına hakim yağ asidi gruplarının palmitik asit, stearik asit ve oleik asit olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin L* ve b* değerlerine ısıl işlem uygulaması etki etmezken a* değeri üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Taze ve sade kuyruk yağlarına ait DSC grafikleri benzerlik göstermiş olup her bir örnek için bir adet kristalizasyon ve üç adet erime piki elde edilmiştir. Örneklere ait FTIR spektrumlarında ise uygulanan sıcaklığa ve oluşan bozulmalara karşı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Oda sıcaklığında depolanan örnekler kimyasal özellikleri (FFA, peroksit ve TBA) bakımından taze olanlar 7 gün içerisinde, +4 ºC'de muhafaza edilenler ise 15 gün içerisinde bozulmuştur. Ancak ısıl işlem uygulanan örnekler bu depolama sıcaklıklarında 60 gün boyunca bozulmadan muhafaza edilebilmiştir.
In this study, in order to determine the storage stability of heat-treated sheep tail fat (ghee tail fat), various physical, chemical and technological properties of tail fat (fresh and ghee) and the effects of different storage times, storage temperatures and additive use on these properties were investigated. Tail fats obtained from Karayaka sheep were used in the study, and ghee tail fat was obtained from these fats by heat treatment application, then ghee salted tail fat and ghee additive tail fat were obtained with the addition of salt and antioxidants. The samples obtained were stored in glass jars at 25 ºC, +4 ºC and -18 ºC for 90 days. Moisture, protein, fat and ash amounts in fresh tail fat were determined as 11.2%, 3.47%, 85.0% and 0.07%, respectively. Moisture content of 0.4%, protein content of 2.98%, fat content of 96.0% and ash content of 0.05% were determined in clarified fat. In addition, the amount of cholesterol determined in tail fat was determined as 60 mg/100g in fresh tail fat and 58 mg/100g in ghee tail fat. The pH values of the fats were determined as 5.7 in fresh samples and 6.2 in ghee samples. The fatty acid compositions of the samples were examined and it was determined that the dominant fatty acid groups in fresh and ghee sheep tail fat were palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. While heat treatment did not affect the L* and b* values of the samples, it did affect the a* value. DSC graphs of fresh and ghee sheep tails were similar, and one crystallization and three melting peaks were obtained for each sample. In the FTIR spectra of the samples, differences were determined against the applied temperature and the resulting deterioration. Samples stored at room temperature deteriorated in terms of chemical properties (FFA, peroxide and TBA), fresh ones deteriorated within 7 days, and those stored at +4 ºC deteriorated within 15 days. However, the heat-treated samples could be preserved at these storage temperatures for 60 days without deterioration.
In this study, in order to determine the storage stability of heat-treated sheep tail fat (ghee tail fat), various physical, chemical and technological properties of tail fat (fresh and ghee) and the effects of different storage times, storage temperatures and additive use on these properties were investigated. Tail fats obtained from Karayaka sheep were used in the study, and ghee tail fat was obtained from these fats by heat treatment application, then ghee salted tail fat and ghee additive tail fat were obtained with the addition of salt and antioxidants. The samples obtained were stored in glass jars at 25 ºC, +4 ºC and -18 ºC for 90 days. Moisture, protein, fat and ash amounts in fresh tail fat were determined as 11.2%, 3.47%, 85.0% and 0.07%, respectively. Moisture content of 0.4%, protein content of 2.98%, fat content of 96.0% and ash content of 0.05% were determined in clarified fat. In addition, the amount of cholesterol determined in tail fat was determined as 60 mg/100g in fresh tail fat and 58 mg/100g in ghee tail fat. The pH values of the fats were determined as 5.7 in fresh samples and 6.2 in ghee samples. The fatty acid compositions of the samples were examined and it was determined that the dominant fatty acid groups in fresh and ghee sheep tail fat were palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. While heat treatment did not affect the L* and b* values of the samples, it did affect the a* value. DSC graphs of fresh and ghee sheep tails were similar, and one crystallization and three melting peaks were obtained for each sample. In the FTIR spectra of the samples, differences were determined against the applied temperature and the resulting deterioration. Samples stored at room temperature deteriorated in terms of chemical properties (FFA, peroxide and TBA), fresh ones deteriorated within 7 days, and those stored at +4 ºC deteriorated within 15 days. However, the heat-treated samples could be preserved at these storage temperatures for 60 days without deterioration.
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