Role of TRPV1 Channels on Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and Oxidative Stress in Ouabain-Induced Bipolar Disease

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial chronic and refractory disease characterized by manic, depressive, and mixed mood episodes. Although epidemiological, and pathophysiological studies demonstrated a strong correlation between bipolar disorder and oxidative stress, precise etiology is still missing. Recent studies suggested the possible role of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) in the BD but, current knowledge is limited. Therefore, the current study investigates the possible role of TRPV1 in the ouabain-induced model of BD. The model was created with intracerebroventricular single dose ouabain (10(-3) M) administration. Animals were treated with capsaicin, capsazepine, and lithium for seven days. Mania and depressive-like states were investigated with open-field, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze tests. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring total antioxidant and oxidant states, spectrophotometrically. The phosphorylation Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) evaluated by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that capsaicin dose-dependently inhibited the ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion and depression. Although capsazepine exacerbated behavioral impairment, it did not show a significant effect on the antioxidant and oxidant states, and the effects of capsazepine on behaviors were abolished by combination with capsaicin. Additionally, capsaicin potently prevented the ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3 beta phosphorylation. In contrast, capsazepine potentiated ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3 beta phosphorylation and combination with capsaicin, suppressed the effect of capsazepine on GSK-3 beta phosphorylation. The effects of TRPV1 activation on oxidative stress and mania-like behaviors in the ouabain-induced BD model might be regulated by GSK-3 beta phosphorylation.