Publication: Deprem Tecrübesinin Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin Kullandığı Yöntem ve Tekniklere Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Türkiye, Alp-Himalaya deprem kuşağı üzerinde yer almakta ve tarih boyunca yaşanan şiddetli depremlerde can ve mal kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Erzincan, Gölcük ve 6 Şubat 2023 depremleri gibi büyük felaketler, afet eğitiminin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur. Fen Bilimleri Öğretim Programında, 'Yıkıcı doğa olaylarını tanır ve korunma yollarını ifade eder' kazanımı kapsamında deprem eğitimi verilmektedir. Bu araştırmada deprem deneyiminin, deprem eğitimi sırasında kullanılan yöntem ve tekniklere etkisi incelenmiştir. Nicel araştırma yöntemiyle yapılan çalışmada, Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde görev yapan 5. sınıf fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinden basit tesadüfi örnekleme yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Veriler demografik bilgi formu ve öğretim yöntemlerine yönelik tutum ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmış; Kruskal-Wallis analizi ve betimleyici istatistiklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, deprem sonrası düz anlatım yönteminin kullanımının azaldığını, buna karşın problem çözme, argümantasyon ve proje tabanlı yöntemlerin daha fazla tercih edildiğini göstermiştir. Argümantasyon yöntemi, öğretmenlerin mesleki tecrübesi ve hizmet içi eğitim durumu ile anlamlı bir ilişki gösterirken; çocuk sahibi olma ile demonstrasyon yöntemi arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Deprem maruziyeti sonrasında mesleki yılı 1-15 yıl olan öğretmenler ile 15 yıl üzeri olan öğretmenler arasında ders kitabı kullanımı açısından anlamlı fark olduğu, hizmet içi eğitim alan öğretmenlerde deprem öncesine göre en çok animasyon ve harita kullanımında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, AFAD ile işbirliği yapan öğretmenlerin maket kullanımı açısından farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Okul altyapısı ve özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için materyal ve zaman yetersizliği ise farklı yöntem, teknik ve materyal kullanımı önündeki önemli engeller olarak öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, etkili bir deprem eğitimi için materyal çeşitliliğinin ve AFAD işbirliğinin artırılması, öğretmenlerin öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri bakımından etkili bir hizmet içi eğitimle desteklenmesi, öğretim programında deprem konusunun yeniden yapılandırılması, özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için düzenleme yapılması önerilmektedir.
Turkey is located on the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake belt and has experienced severe earthquakes throughout history, resulting in loss of life and property. Major disasters such as Erzincan, Gölcük and February 6, 2023 earthquakes have once again revealed the importance of disaster education. In the Science Curriculum, earthquake education is given within the scope of the learning outcome 'Recognizes destructive natural events and expresses ways of protection'. However, it is seen that this outcome is limited to only one grade level and 4 class hours. This study examined how the methods and techniques used in earthquake education are affected by teachers' earthquake experiences. In this quantitative study, data were collected from 5th grade science teachers working in different regions of Turkey through simple random sampling. The data were collected through demographic information form and attitude towards teaching methods scale and evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis analysis and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study showed that the use of lecture method decreased after the earthquake, whereas problem solving, argumentation and project-based methods were preferred more. Argumentation method showed a significant relationship with teachers' professional experience, in-service training status and earthquake experience. In terms of material use, there was a significant difference between teachers with 1-15 years of professional experience and teachers with more than 15 years of professional experience after the earthquake exposure. In addition, it was found that teachers who collaborated with AFAD differed only in terms of the use of models, while they showed similar tendencies in other materials. School infrastructure and lack of materials and time for students with special needs stood out as important obstacles to the use of different methods, techniques and materials. As a result, for an effective earthquake education, it is recommended to increase the diversity of materials and cooperation with the AFAD, to support teachers with effective in-service training in terms of teaching methods and techniques, to restructure the earthquake subject in the curriculum, and to make arrangements for students with special needs.
Turkey is located on the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake belt and has experienced severe earthquakes throughout history, resulting in loss of life and property. Major disasters such as Erzincan, Gölcük and February 6, 2023 earthquakes have once again revealed the importance of disaster education. In the Science Curriculum, earthquake education is given within the scope of the learning outcome 'Recognizes destructive natural events and expresses ways of protection'. However, it is seen that this outcome is limited to only one grade level and 4 class hours. This study examined how the methods and techniques used in earthquake education are affected by teachers' earthquake experiences. In this quantitative study, data were collected from 5th grade science teachers working in different regions of Turkey through simple random sampling. The data were collected through demographic information form and attitude towards teaching methods scale and evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis analysis and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study showed that the use of lecture method decreased after the earthquake, whereas problem solving, argumentation and project-based methods were preferred more. Argumentation method showed a significant relationship with teachers' professional experience, in-service training status and earthquake experience. In terms of material use, there was a significant difference between teachers with 1-15 years of professional experience and teachers with more than 15 years of professional experience after the earthquake exposure. In addition, it was found that teachers who collaborated with AFAD differed only in terms of the use of models, while they showed similar tendencies in other materials. School infrastructure and lack of materials and time for students with special needs stood out as important obstacles to the use of different methods, techniques and materials. As a result, for an effective earthquake education, it is recommended to increase the diversity of materials and cooperation with the AFAD, to support teachers with effective in-service training in terms of teaching methods and techniques, to restructure the earthquake subject in the curriculum, and to make arrangements for students with special needs.
Description
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
189
